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“蛙人坐骑”升级记

2018-07-13 08:31:10    新华网

从“湿”到“干”

  “大洋快车”要升舱

上世纪90年代,随着冷战时代的刀光剑影逐渐式微,美国海军“由海至陆”的战略开始盛行,对近岸作战能力的呼声越来越高。在战场环境恶劣、任务保密要求高等情况下,蛙人部队的隐蔽投送距离从原来的几千米变成上百千米。此时,为执行渗透任务的蛙人们在海中“旅行”提供一方温暖干燥的环境,避免他们在到达战场前被低温耗去过多体能,成了当务之急。

于是,更高级的“大洋快车”应运而生。干式大型蛙人输送艇(美军称其为“高级海豹输送系统”),是基于湿式蛙人输送艇开发的一种类似微型潜艇的运载装备,可以由潜艇母艇携带到作战区域后再释放,用于执行破袭或登陆渗透等任务。

“干式航渡,湿式出舱”是干式大型蛙人输送艇最大的技术特色,成员在舱内无需穿着潜水服,密封干燥的人员运输舱,能最大限度减少蛙人在水下航渡阶段的体力、氧气消耗并保持体温。更令人称道的是,干式大型蛙人输送艇还具备接应战斗人员的“回收”功能。相较于湿式蛙人输送艇,干式大型蛙人输送艇“既能去又有回”,投送能力自然更胜一筹。

干式大型蛙人输送艇可在母平台的支持下进行长距离潜航,将蛙人精确送至任务区域。作为蛙人输送艇的鼻祖,意大利在干式蛙人输送艇领域建树颇丰,其MG120/ER型输送艇采用AIP系统,可持续潜航33小时,在携带足够的燃料与补给情况下,甚至可以连续20天支持特战人员作业。这种出色的综合能力成为水下特种作战力量投送平台发展的“最高标准”。

美国的“高级海豹输送系统”可以搭载包括16名特战队员在内的18名航员,水下排水量达55吨,潜深60米,最大航速8节,最大航程125海里。该艇的配置极为“豪华”:高压舱有完备的供氧系统和空调系统,能够净化艇内空气并保温;坚固的耐压壳体,增加了最大潜深,利于避开风浪较大的上层洋面,降噪设计提供安静舒适的休息环境;前向和侧向装有探测、导航和防碰撞声呐,甲板处使用非穿透双桅杆系统,集成有摄像机、电子潜望镜、通信天线和GPS,再加上自带的惯性导航系统,保证“不迷航”。

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