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中国海洋科技装备突飞猛进 形成“三龙”探海格局

2018-04-21 08:21:06    央广网

“海龙家族”的深潜传奇故事开始引起公众注意是在2009年。中国深潜技术专家、上海交通大学教授朱继懋带领团队,历时9年艰苦攻关,终于研制成功3500米级无人缆控潜水器海龙号。在2009年执行的中国大洋第21航次科考中,海龙号首次成功进行了试用。在东太平洋海隆观察到了罕见的巨大硫化物“黑烟囱”,并用机械手准确抓获了多金属硫化物样品。在之后航次的大洋科考中,海龙号完成了对南大西洋多金属硫化物新区的探测,成功采集到海底多金属硫化物和生物样品,还同步拍摄了高清晰的海底照片和作业全程视频影像。海龙号实现了从粗犷取样观测到精细取样观测的跨越,使中国海底勘探技术提高了一个层次,标志着中国大洋科考进入机器人时代。

对海龙Ⅲ和海龙11000的海试情况和在海试中的表现,A航段首席科学家初凤友介绍说,在本航段,“海龙”共计完成8次下潜,其中海龙Ⅲ潜水器共下潜5次,完成4500米级深潜试验;海龙11000潜水器下潜3次,完成3000米级下潜试验,均取得重要突破,潜水器运行状态良好。

“蛟龙”志在载人全海深无禁区

在中国深潜器“三龙”中,最引人瞩目的莫过于“蛟龙”了,不仅在于其体积显得更大,外形与众不同,更在于其有“载人”功能,需要潜航员深海驾驶,可以给科学家群体等提供进入深海开展科考活动的难得机遇。

“蛟龙家族”中最耀眼的“明星”无疑是蛟龙号,它是一艘由中国自行设计、自主集成研制的载人潜水器,也是“863”计划中的一个重大研究专项,其设计最大下潜深度为7000米级,是目前世界上下潜能力最深的作业型载人潜水器。

从上世纪90年代初开始,中国有关部门就针对大深度载人潜水器的研制展开深入调研论证。2002年蛟龙号正式立项,中国深海装备领域的技术带头人徐芑南院士担任总设计师,组建了蛟龙号研制团队,攻克一系列关键技术难题,取得了众多科技创新成果,最终历时10年完成研制和海试工作。研制团队创建了7000米级载人潜水器安全性设计技术体系,蛟龙号作业能力覆盖99.8%的全球海洋面积;攻克了深海复杂环境下精准操控、精确定位与精细作业的关键技术,其悬停作业功能为国际同类潜水器首创;突破了复杂水声信道条件下大深度、远距离、高速率水声通信技术,可传输图像、数据、文字和语音等信息;创建了我国载人潜水器陆上测试、海上试验、潜航员培训、水面支持等深潜作业和检测技术体系;突破了超大潜深关重件设计制造技术,推动了深海装备产业的发展。

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