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中国国家公园体制亮相 国家公园是什么“公园”?

2017-09-27 07:57:53   

“国家公园应由全体国民所有。”国家发改委有关负责人说。根据方案,国家公园内全民所有自然资源资产所有权由中央政府和省级政府分级行使,条件成熟时,逐步过渡到由中央政府直接行使。重点保护区域内居民要逐步实施生态移民搬迁,集体土地优先通过租赁、置换等方式规范流转,由国家公园管理机构统一管理。

“方案明确提出建立统一事权、分级管理体制和财政为主的多元化资金保障制度,回答了国家公园哪些是国家的、哪些是地方的,哪些归国家管等一系列‘权’‘钱’难题。”国务院发展研究中心研究员苏杨说。

根据方案,未来将组建一个部门统一行使国家公园自然保护地管理职责。相关部门依法对国家公园进行指导和管理。

苏杨强调,必须改变当前自然保护地碎片化和多头管理的问题,打破部门和地域的限制,使日常管理、综合执法、经营监管等都政出一门。

“建立统一的国家公园和自然保护地管理部门,并非不需要跨部门以及中央和地方的协调与配合。反而更加强调构建服务型政府,加强部门之间、中央和地方之间、政府、企业、社会团体和个人之间的协调和配合。”朱春全说。

国家公园体制的建立,核心是体制创新。据了解,东北虎豹国家公园体制试点立足国有林地占比高的优势,探索全民所有自然资源所有权由中央政府直接行使。湖北省整合有关管理职责,成立神农架国家公园管理局,统一承担1170平方公里试点范围的自然资源管护等职责。

国家发展改革委有关负责人表示,我国的国家公园建设,将把创新体制和完善体制放在优先位置,做好体制机制改革过程中的衔接,成熟一个设立一个,有步骤、分阶段推进。

普通百姓怎么获益?

以美国黄石国家公园为代表,各国的国家公园都坚持公益属性。中国的国家公园未来将怎么收费?

“在国家公园体制试点过程中,由于理解上的偏差和缺少明确规定,曾一度出现各部门各地方纷纷设立不同类型的所谓‘国家公园’,导致对国家公园的‘认识误区’。”中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院副院长王毅说。

杨锐强调,国家公园作为最为珍贵稀有的自然遗产,是我们从祖先处继承,还要完整真实地传递给子孙万世的“绿水青山”和 “金山银山”。因此,国家公园在局部利益和个体利益面前要始终以国家利益为重。

“国家公园强调全民公益性,主要体现在共有、共建和共享上。”国家发改委有关负责人说,在有效保护前提下,为公众提供科普、教育和游憩的机会。

杨锐建议,国家公园制度设计中,应保证每个国民平等参访的权利,为此国家公园应以国民福利为原则,实行低费用门票以及相配套的预约制度。

根据方案,立足国家公园的公益属性,将建立财政投入为主的多元化资金保障机制。国家公园实行收支两条线管理,各项收入上缴财政,各项支出由财政统筹安排,并负责统一接受企业、非政府组织、个人等社会捐赠资金。

“下一步将加大政府投入,推动国家公园逐步回归公益性。”国家发改委有关负责人说。

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