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中国直升机从落后走向领先:复合材料100%国产化

2017-09-27 07:27:54   

由于技术落后、产业基础薄弱,起初,中国的直升机人也曾想通过进口、合作的方式发展自己的直升机产业。但是这条道路却充满坎坷。直升机技术属于军民通用技术,对于这类产品,航空强国美国只对中国出口落后机型,其核心技术则直接采取“封锁”“禁运”手段。因此想要从外国进口技术,走传统吸收再创新道路,几乎没有可能。

中国的直升机也曾尝试与欧洲某国家合作,虽然取得了一些突破,比如中国另外一个直升机制造基地——中国航空工业哈飞公司就曾与该国一家公司合作研发了一款民用机型。但事实证明,要想通过合作获得核心技术,这条路走不通。掌握着核心技术的外国直升机公司对核心技术绝对保密。他们要的只是中国的市场,中国很难从他们那里获得核心技术的转移。

哈飞公司副总工程师杨广朝告诉记者,与国外公司的合作经历,也让中国的直升机人更加坚信:核心技术是买不来的,发展中国的直升机工业,必须走自主创新的道路。

作为中国直升机核心技术突破难点,旋翼防除冰技术最先得到解决,这让中国的直升机实现了全疆域覆盖。当年在汶川地震中,正是受制于这项技术,中国的直升机连3000多米的海拔都飞不上去。如今,中国自主研发的机型最高甚至可以飞到9000米高空。10年间,数字式电传飞控、震动主动控制、无轴承旋翼等最先进的直升机技术,也先后被攻克。

建立完整的制造体系

现如今中国直升机已经实现了复合材料100%国产化,整机生产能力快速提升,是“十一五”初期的三倍。

光有研发能力还不够,要想实现量产,还必须有能够配套的整机生产体系和管理能力。

作为工信部“中国制造2025”首批示范单位,在中国航空工业昌飞公司的旋翼系统智能制造车间,记者参观了其全自动化生产车间,整个厂房几乎不用人工操作。一个个零件在生产线上自动移动、拼接,最终形成产品,送往生产线,一气呵成,非常流畅。

中国航空工业昌飞公司董事长周新民说,这一智能生产线的投入,让旋翼制造效率更高、质量更稳,为整机生产提供更多的保障。这是昌飞公司直升机生产实现自动化、信息化的一个缩影。

昌飞公司在10年前的生产能力还很弱,有时候一年仅能造出几架飞机,整个制造体系很不完善,很难实现批量生产。如今昌飞公司已经实现了工业化和信息化的有机结合,形成了一套完整的生产体系,生产能力大大提高。

人还是那些人,生产任务却翻了几番。除了大量使用信息化技术,公司的科学管理起到了非常大的作用。据周新民介绍,目前在昌飞公司,已经形成一套完整的考核评价体系,基本形成干部职工创造多大价值,就能得到相应激励的局面。

在昌飞公司的一个厂房外,十几架刚从生产线下来的直-10、CA313飞机一字排开,等待着业主的验收,这些飞机将护卫中国的国防,服务中国的现代化建设。

在一架直-10飞机前,周新民自豪之情溢于言表:谁能想到不到10年的时间,中国的直升机居然有如此大的进步。而在中国直升机研究所的展馆里,所长洪蛟则将眼光投向了中国直升机的未来:怎样飞得更快、怎样更加隐蔽、如何噪音更小……他相信在不久的将来,更先进的一代直升机将从这里诞生。(孙喜保)

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