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【防治荒漠化·库布其在行动】“点沙成金”实现治沙生态效益与社会效益双赢

2017-09-21 23:22:00   央广网

穿沙公路南起杭锦旗锡尼镇,北至巴彦淖尔市,横穿库布其沙漠,全长115公里,1997年开工建设,1999年全线贯通,完成建设总投资1.14亿元。

为修筑穿沙公路,当地政府经过长期探索实践,制定了“北锁南堵中切割”的综合治理方案。即:加强北缘锁边林带建设,防止沙漠北侵;南边较平缓的地区进行大面积封沙育林和飞播造林,防止沙漠南扩;中部腹地以条件相对较好的恩亘沟、大白柠条天然林基地及毛补拉孔兑为轴线,把库布其沙漠切为四段,逐步向纵切的两侧辐射,进行切割式治理。同时提出了“前挡后拉”的沙丘治理办法和“栽死的、种活的、养绿的”的长远治理方案。截至目前,仅杭锦旗穿沙公路两侧就共完成人工造林34万亩,飞播造林56万亩,设置沙障4.7万亩,封沙种草107万亩。极大地改善了生态环境,大大提高了沙区人民交通条件,带动绿色农业、旅游业等不断发展,沙区人民走向脱贫致富。

穿沙公路(央广记者 申明宽 摄)

“我年轻时从这里到镇上要走两三天,现在开车20多分钟就到了”,世代生活在库布其沙漠腹地的牧民斯仁巴布谈到穿沙公路带来的变化难掩喜悦之情,现在40岁的他在牧民新村搞起了农家乐,依靠库布其沙漠、七星湖等旅游资源,他的 “草原请你来”饭庄迎来了四海宾客。

像斯仁巴布这样从事沙漠旅游服务业的在库布其目前共有1303户,户均年收入达到10万元以上。

 固氮增肥,甘草种植促进生态扶贫致富

“我以前做梦都没想到现在能挣这么多钱”今年60岁的贫困户吴直花现在负责200亩左右的甘草种植,每天负责拔草浇水获得200元劳务费,一个月收入就有6000元。而在种甘草之前,由于收成不好,种玉米一年的收入只有2000多元。

甘草扶贫(央广记者 申明宽 摄)

吴直花是亿利集团的甘草种植签约脱贫户,除为公司出劳务赚取工资外,亿利集团还给她免费分了30亩甘草地,预计3年后能收入6万元。像吴直花这样获得甘草种植对口帮扶的全乡共有162户。

甘草是治沙先锋植物,被誉为“中药之王”。甘草根部的根瘤菌有固氮作用,能够增加土壤肥力,治沙改土效果非常明显,目前已改良土壤200多万亩。

据亿利集团库布其生态事业部副总经理孙永强介绍,亿利自主研发了“半野生化甘草平移种植技术”,让甘草躺着长。较原来竖着长,绿化沙漠的面积从0.1平方米提高到1平方米,沙漠治理面积和效率十倍级增长。

而生态农业灌溉用电,则来自其生态光伏治沙项目。项目实现治沙2万亩,年发电5亿度。“板上发电,板下种草,板间养殖”模式也为周边贫困户带来增收,平均每户可增收3.5万元。

生态光伏治沙项目(央广记者 申明宽 摄)

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