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网络文学年均约5000人才缺口 却没有一家专门培养单位

2017-09-14 14:56:22   中国青年网

职业网文作者内需增加

亟需更高水平的学历教育

2013年10月,由中国作协指导、17K网络文学网站发展成立了一所非学历教育的“网络文学大学”,莫言任名誉校长。在张健看来,这对中国网络文学发展来说,是具有标志性意义的事件。它使网络文学由自发式创作阶段,步入了“职业化”进程和系统培训轨道。但这种去学历化的公益性学校毕竟吸引力有限。2013年12月25日,盛大文学和上海视觉艺术学院宣布联合创办“国内首个网络文学本科专业”,使得网络文学写作的学历教育成为事实。首届招生名额只有30人,但已经吸引了3000名以上的考生前来面试,足见其需求火爆程度。还有2014年,北大中文系开始招收两年制的创意写作方向的专业硕士,更是将网络文学写作人才培养渐次带入“高大上”境界。

值得强调的是,中国当代文学研究会新媒体文学委员会秘书长、爱读文学网总编辑吴长青作为早期介入网络文学人才培养领域的推广人和践行者,不遗余力地推进这项工作,目前,北京智达三江网络教育科技公司已与三江学院、贺州学院、徐州生物工程职业技术学院等签约合作开办“数字出版与网络文学编辑、写作”本专科专业,设点布局渐次展开,并撰写了教材《网络文学创作与研究概论》。吴长青表示,将网络文学作为一门独立的研究对象,在宏观上突破传统的媒介关系研究,微观上假以具体的文本作为研究对象,“立足文本差异,注重对照与比较”。

2017年7月13日,在第七届数字出版博览会上,北京国家数字出版基地与北京印刷学院主导的高校联盟签署了“数字出版人才培养基地”共建战略协议。在此基础上,北京国家数字出版基地与北京印刷学院联合筹备了“数字出版与网络文学高级研修班”。该研修班面向网络文学及相关产业的管理者、编辑、商务、作家等方面的资深从业人员,采用在职研究生授课方式,学制两年,可申请硕士学位。可以预见的是,随着这类短缺人才培养跟进和补位,我国的网络文学发展定会有可以期待的更好明天。

网络文学是多极化概念

人才培养方式需要跨界、跨行业

目前,我国一些高校已开出了数字出版与网络文学创意写作专业、新媒体文学专业、网络与新媒体专业、网络文学编辑与写作等专业,但这还很不够。究其原因,张健分析,因为网络文学是一个多极化的概念,凡是以网络为介质的写作、传播、互动、发行、盈利都隶属于广义的网络文学范畴。这就要求专业的开发必须视野放开一点,尽可能全口径对接和覆盖相关专业与能力培养。同时,专业开发应当对接网络文学衍生的文化产业链。作为大网络文学概念,决不局限于网络文学创作本身,它是一个关涉网络及其所衍生的其他文化产品的领域。包括场景作品、影视改编、生成艺术、动漫动画、游戏制作等高度相关的文化产业链。

吴长青认为,首先,目前要创新网络文艺人才的培养方式。网络文艺是新型的文艺样式,它既是新技术的产物,同时也是最具有“人民性”的文艺形态。网络文艺人才培养需要走出书斋,需要跨界、跨行业的联合,需要突出理论高度的同时强化应用型的训练。其次,要强化网络文艺人才的标准化制度建设。任何事物发展到一定阶段时都需要进行理论化和体系化的建设,这也是西方文艺复兴时期以来探索出的一条基本路径。另外,文化建设在吸纳和接收民间文艺的同时,必须对其进行规范和引导,这里面既包含内容的规范,也有人才标准的制定。有了这个制度,才能保持网络文艺能够持续、健康的发展,且保持网络文艺与国家意志、民间意识的融合。

网络文学的创作者和从业者在努力提升写作水平和实操能力的同时,应该积极适应市场变化,重构知识体系,输出更高精神层次的优秀作品。华云文化集团董事长兼CEO汪海英表示,华云文化创造一种作家经纪模式,即对内容进行赋能,从而以规模化实现精品开发、品牌打造,这也是网络文学人才培养的一种创新尝试。

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