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问诊博物馆,展览有三大症结

2017-09-14 09:31:23   新华网

这一系列问题的深层原因,则是博物馆策展人才的匮乏和机制的制约。

“人才是第一要解决的问题。人才有足够的话语权,才能推动制度的改革。”冯好说。

“不是专业的人就能做好展览,需要综合素质。一要具备专业,二要具备把专业内容变成大众可以接受的内容的能力。”穆朝娜认为,理想的博物馆策展人才应像沈从文一样,“他是跨界的,既懂文物,又有文学底子。”

龚良指出,目前高校培养的博物馆人才并不能满足博物馆的现实需要。很多教策展的人是考古学、历史学出身,研究依然以物为出发点。并缺乏人类学训练。一些策展人坦言,知识结构的转变非常不易。

激励机制不完善是制约人才发挥作用的重要原因。多位策展人告诉《瞭望》新闻周刊记者,文博行业尚没有独立的评审体系,评价策展人业绩主要依据学术研究成果,策展只占不大的比例。

“一年发两篇论文,比做两个大展对个人评职称的帮助更明显。”冯好说,“业务人员普遍都不愿做策展。大部分人的个人利益和博物馆的利益经常结合不到一块。这是影响展览设计水平的重要原因。”

就整个博物馆而言,展览效果也不纳入考评体系。“有关部门对博物馆的考察主要集中在安全保卫工作,别丢别损别坏,没人来考察展览质量怎样。”韩永说,很多博物馆出于“不求有功但求无过”的心理,尽量少做展览,少展珍品。

多位馆长、策展人坦言,目前来看,想做好一个展览,很大程度依靠博物馆人自己的激情和要求。这样的展览即使做好,也只能成为个案。

为了打破困局,一些博物馆也在探索。如在策展人职称评审中,淡化论文权重,强化业务能力。南京博物院在配合展览所出的正式出版物中为策展人署名,书中的策展人手记可替代论文计入职称考核等。

受访专家建议,应加强对博物馆尤其是中小博物馆的财政支持,促进大中小馆的资源整合和人才流动;改革策展人的职称评定体系,建立健全博物馆人才激励机制,从根本上提升展览的质量和水平。(徐欧露)

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