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智能机器人热潮的冷思考

2017-09-10 11:26:39   新华网

当下的中国,机器人、人工智能已经成了投资者、政府官员乃至普通百姓间最热门的话题之一,整个社会对未来充满无限的遐想。来自北京一家金融投资机构的张安康向《瞭望》新闻周刊记者表示,智能机器人产业无疑是未来全球竞争发展的核心产业,美国、欧洲都在不遗余力地加大研发力度。智能机器人将推动未来人类社会生活、生产方式的深刻变革,这是一片未知的世界,中国的未来和全球的未来都将受到深刻的影响。

2016年我国《机器人产业发展规划(2016-2020年)》出台,要求五年内形成较为完善的机器人产业体系。今年7月又发布了《新一代人工智能发展规划》。随着国家层面一系列战略部署的出台完善,各地也不断加强布局。

工信部副部长辛国斌在2017世界机器人大会上表示,目前中国语音识别、图像识别等技术已达到国际先进水平,机器人本体优化设计及性能评估、高速高精度控制等方面取得了积极进展。在特种无人机、深海机器人等领域也形成了一批具备核心竞争优势的自主创新产品,成功研究开发了固定翼无人机智能集群系统等一系列产品。

▲ 2017 世界机器人大会上展出的深圳优必选科技有限公司自主研发的机器人Alpha1s 杨乐摄/本刊

 机器人世界的中国“短板”

然而,《瞭望》新闻周刊记者采访中也明显发现,中国智能机器人热潮背后也存在着上游高端材料研发、核心零部件制造等领域较大“短板”的掣肘。

“智能机器人制造极为复杂,从一个小轴承、螺丝钉制造到高端智能芯片、人工智能算法开发,都需要长期一点一滴的技术和产业积累。”SMC中国有限公司总经理赵彤向本刊记者表示,未来中国智能机器人产业的发展,最关键的是要继续推动中国实体经济的发展,为制造业发展创造更加良好的环境,这样才能孕育出国际顶尖的制造业企业。

业内专家指出,中国机器人产业与其他成熟产业相比仍处于起步阶段,技术产品不够丰富、产业规模总体偏小,应用领域还很有限,尚不能有效满足先进制造业和人们生活的需求。中国电子学会发布的《我国机器人产业发展评估报告》曾指出,我国基本形成了较完整的产业链,珠三角、长三角、东北地区等区域形成了各具特点的发展侧重,但是核心技术研发能力依然相对不足,目前大量技术成果集中于高校和研究机构,技术创新更多体现为数量积累,还没有转化为实践优势。

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