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人民日报报告文学:大道之行——中国荒漠化治理撷英

2017-09-09 13:11:44   新华网

磴口人一口气也不敢松懈。假如没有这60多年的一鼓作气,今天的乌兰布和沙漠或许早与毗邻的库布其沙漠、毛乌素沙地连成一片,那将是中国腹地面积最大的新沙漠。后果不堪设想。

站在磴口的刘拐沙头,想起另一个忧伤又坚韧的名字——民勤。

甘肃省武威市民勤县,位处河西走廊,是一片在中国第三大沙漠巴丹吉林和第四大沙漠腾格里夹缝中生存的绿洲。

民国之前,这里的名字叫“镇藩”。民勤人说,“我们的孩子生在沙子里,我们的归宿也在沙子里”。这里还流行一句民谚,“天下有民勤人,民勤无天下人。”“民勤”二字,凝固了数不尽的苦涩。

作为中国四大沙尘暴策源地之一,民勤境内的风沙线长达408公里。2009年,全县荒漠化面积达到了94.5%。恶劣的自然环境,让民勤人从一出生就被灌输一种逃离的思想。民勤人把青土湖视作“母亲湖”,她的干涸,仿佛流尽了民勤人与沙漠搏斗的汗水与泪水。

2001年,中央对民勤治沙问题做出批示,首次提出“决不能让民勤成为第二个罗布泊”!民勤的命运掀开了新的一页。过去是一人、一铁锹、一架子车“零敲碎打”的治沙模式,现在是规模化、工程化的治沙造林。过去是与沙漠争土地、争生存空间;现在是向沙漠要生态效益、要经济价值。今天的民勤似乎有使不完的劲儿。

正赶上造林时节,一个个治沙队穿梭在腾格里沙漠,他们用稻草和梭梭为浑黄的腾格里沙漠披上了绿色的袈裟。红色、粉色、绿色、蓝色,治沙队妇女们的各式头巾是腾格里沙漠最美的风景。全民发动起来,民勤的公务员也是治沙造林的公务员。目前,民勤全县人工造林保存面积达到229.86万亩以上,森林覆盖率由2010年的11.52%提高到17.7%。干涸了半个多世纪的青土湖终于复活了!碧波荡漾的湖水,轻歌曼舞的芦苇,成群栖息的野鸭,展翅翱翔的天鹅,缓缓向人们讲述着民勤的故事。

磴口人,民勤人,他们的命运,是全中国沙区人民的缩影。有着中国第一大沙漠和第二大沙漠的新疆,腾格里、巴丹吉林、乌兰布和三大沙漠碰头处的内蒙古阿拉善,腾格里、乌兰布和、库布其沙漠和毛乌素沙地围绕的宁夏中卫和盐池、内蒙古鄂尔多斯、陕西榆林和靖边,在浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地恢复昔日草场的内蒙古锡林郭勒、赤峰、通辽、呼伦贝尔……每一片消失的荒漠,每一处新生的绿洲,都是“我们的地球”这个命运链条上紧密相扣的一环。

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