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城市机动化来临 路权意识跟上了吗

2017-09-04 08:41:13   新华网

首先是通行权。也就是说,用路人如果符合法律、法规规定,就应该保障其合理使用道路的权利。根据2011年修订的道路交通安全法第三十六条,用路人在参与道路交通时应遵循“分道行驶”的原则。因此,机动车和非机动车相互挤压、行人和机动车相互占道等行为都属于侵害对方的通行权,他们对各自路权的伸张并不正确。

同时,道路交通法也规定,当非机动车道被占用时,非机动车驾驶人可以在受阻路段借用相邻的机动车道行驶,这种情况下机动车应当减速让行。因此,紧急“借道”行为并不损害相关驾驶人的通行权,“撞了白撞”的心态更不能有。

其次是优先权。即保证用路人按照一定的让行规定优先使用道路的权利。这种“先后顺序”看似是一种时间概念,其实是一种通过规则来确定先后使用道路的空间顺序。例如中国道路交通安全法第四十四条规定:“机动车通过没有交通信号灯、交通标志、交通标线或者交通警察指挥的交叉路口时,应当减速慢行,并让行人和优先通行的车辆先行。”美国《佛罗里达州驾驶手册》也指出:“不要问谁有路权,法律只是说谁必须退让(放弃)路权。”

因此,无论是车辆与行人之间、车辆与车辆之间,任何一方违背让行规定优先使用道路,都侵犯了对方的优先权。可见,青岛交警采取封路给“暴走团”让路和“暴走团”擅自占用机动车道,既涉嫌违反道路交通法,又侵犯了别的用路人合理的通行权和优先权。

需要说明的是,如果不同用路人的优先权发生冲突,弱势群体应该优先受到保护。例如,当右转车辆已经开启右转指示灯,行人也已经走在斑马线上时,这就形成了路权冲突。根据道路交通法第四十七条,在这种情况下,相对弱势的行人享有优先权。

首都经贸大学城市经济与公共管理学院副教授张智新表示,在实际参与交通过程中,无论是行人、非机动车使用者还是机动车驾驶员,很多用路人对进入汽车社会后的路权意识和安全意识是模糊的,甚至是缺失的。由此引发的结果是不知道伸张自身合理的路权,或是滥用路权。

 ⒊合理整合分配路权

针对因路权混乱而产生的道路拥堵,很多城市近年来均推出了相应的解堵方案。例如,北京、济南、杭州、大连、广州、上海等城市在政府工作报告中,均将建设轨道交通放在了“治堵”首位。

不过,在重庆交通大学公共交通学者王健看来,这些解堵方案并未找到拥堵问题的关键症结。“开轿车的人大多数不会去挤地铁。”王健认为,治堵方案必须同时遵循经济可行、社会公平及环保这3个可持续发展的标准才行。

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