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城市机动化来临 路权意识跟上了吗

2017-09-04 08:41:13   新华网

大量机动车、非机动车涌入城市道路,造成道路局部拥堵,机动车和非机动车抢行抢道、乱停乱放,甚至挤占人行道、盲道。这种新情况一定程度上进一步加剧了机动车驾驶人之间已存在的随意变道、斗车、乱打远光灯及其停车难问题。

8月30日,记者在北京市朝阳区南太平庄北巷看到,周边商户将自家的轿车、货车、电动车等停靠道路两旁和中间带,其间还夹杂着花花绿绿的共享单车,来往车流和行人只能在这种人为划分的通道间艰难挪动。而在北京东三环外大望路地铁公交站等行人、车流较多的地段,早晚高峰期间,公交车、共享单车、电动车、行人混行的现象更多,不仅造成通行缓慢,而且事故多发。

第二类,机动车、非机动车驾驶人和行人之间的矛盾。一些汽车驾驶人通过十字路口、斑马线时不减速礼让行人,甚至闯红灯。一些电动车、自行车驾驶人不走非机动车道,直接在机动车道穿行或是在人群中穿梭。一些行人则不看交通信号灯,“凑齐一拨人”集体过马路,有的甚至翻越交通护栏、组团“暴走”,强行占据机动车道。

这些用路人都在以自己认为正确的方式争取路权,结果往往成为事故的制造者和受害者。近来受舆论关注的山东临沂市出租车冲入机动车道上的“暴走团”队伍事件,再次引发“撞了白撞”以及“生命权与路权之争”的讨论。

第三类,用路人与道路监管措施、道路设计者之间的矛盾。单双号限行、汽车摇号上牌等制度是一些地方政府为缓解城市交通压力而制定的一种交通制度。如今,这些针对汽车的“禁行”“限行”措施开始向摩托车、电动车、共享单车延伸。从2016年初开始,深圳、北京等城市集中开展“禁摩限电”整治行动。目前,“禁摩”范围覆盖了全国大多数大中型城市;一些地方对于共享单车的监管则出现“叫停投放”“集中收走”等措施。而城市道路设计中非机动车道少、慢行主体行路难问题更是突出。

这些监管措施和设计缺点也引发争议。例如,这些监管措施是否损害了广大用路人选择汽车、自行车、电动车、摩托车出行方式的用路权?这些措施出台前,如何保证用路人的监督权?城市道路设计如何向慢行系统倾斜,把更多的路权还给自行车、行人和公共交通?等等。

 ⒉正确理解通行权和优先权

用路人伸张路权,如果这种“伸张”不合理、不正确,就容易引发上述矛盾。由于道路交通资源是一种有限的公共资源,利用道路资源还涉及到环境污染、噪声、交通事故、社会公正等问题,从整体价值权衡来看,合理的路权需求应该包含两个方面。

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