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"百名红通"已有44人到案 为何追回海外资产老大难?

2017-09-04 00:36:37   说人解事

西方国家是外逃者首选之地

西方国家是出逃者的首选之地,也是追逃的难点所在。据摸排,截至2017年3月31日,尚有涉嫌贪污贿赂等职务犯罪的外逃出境原国家工作人员365人,失踪不知去向的581人,共计946人,涉及39个国家和地区,其中美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰占比超过60%。

专家指出,从司法实践来看,海外追逃的成效取决于我国与腐败分子的潜逃目的地国家之间的双边反腐败合作的状况。中外双边反腐败国际合作中的制度缺失与冲突、人力资源和经费问题以及人权法治的观念问题是海外追逃成功与否的主要问题。

数年前,我国的海外追逃还举步维艰。以海外追逃最常用的引渡为例,欧美等西方发达国家是我国腐败嫌疑分子潜逃的主要目的地国家,却仅有法国、西班牙和澳大利亚三个国家与我国建立了双边引渡条约。这种状况导致许多腐败分子无法引渡回国接受法律制裁,余振东、赖昌星分别从美国和加拿大回国受审,只能采用移民遣返这一引渡替代方式才得以遣返回国。

许多潜逃海外的腐败分子,携带大量的不义之财,长期逍遥海外,没有受到应有的法律制裁。虽然海外不是“避罪天堂”,但一些“有钱人”还是开公司、住豪宅、开豪车,有的还跻身当地上流社会,好不潇洒。

值得关注的是,党的十八大以来,我国积极履行大国责任,主动参与并推动反腐败国际合作。多边合作方面,仅2016年,就参与15个全球与区域多边机制,主办8场、参加13场国际会议,推动追逃追赃等我方重点关切写入5份全球重要多边机制成果文件。双边合作方面,与70个国家缔结引渡条约、司法协助条约、资产返还与分享协定共108项。截至2016年12月,同90多个国家和地区的反腐败机构建立了友好关系。

追赃工作难度大,亟需接轨国际

近些年,我国的腐败分子潜逃境外的目的地主要集中在:我国周边及邻近国家,如泰国、缅甸、马来西亚、蒙古、新加坡、俄罗斯等;发达国家,如美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、荷兰等;非洲、拉美、东欧一些反腐法制不健全或与我国未签署引渡协议的小国,如斐济、厄瓜多尔等;主要中转地区,如香港、澳门;离岸金融中心,如英属维尔京群岛、开曼群岛、萨摩亚等。

南开大学法学院教授陈耀东指出,可在反洗钱监测分析中心的基础上,建构一个由中国主导的高规格、独立性、专业性的国际性资产登记信息共享机构,以此为契机担负起国际反腐之大任。中国主导的国际性资产登记信息共享平台的构建应尽量与这些国家和地区展开深度沟通、合作,重点覆盖跨境转移资产多发目的地。

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