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歼15为何身价达4亿?光发动机就值6600万

2017-09-03 18:50:49   中国青年网

从技术发展的角度看,作为我国空军主力之一的苏-27平台和F-16平台在设计之处均带有一定的前瞻性和设计冗余,所以在机体外观不发生巨变的情况下,通过内部结构的加固、安装更为先进的主动电子装备,三代机的升级版能够达到或者接近四代机的基本作战能力——这也是我国空军现代化的重要路径之一,歼-10、歼-11均是如此。但作为其结果,改进型三代机的价格也会接近四代机。

歼-15的原型是前苏联海军的苏-33。中国从乌克兰获得苏-33的原型机T-10K之后,进行了充分的研究,以沈飞组装苏-27和深度改造苏-27系列的经济与技术积累为基础,研制出歼-15舰载机。但需要注意的是,这并不意味着歼-15的成本会与苏-27系列类似。

2017年6月,美国海军官员在国会听证会上证实,美海军计划在2018财年投资12.5亿美元采购14架F/A-18E/F超级大黄蜂战斗机,折算成单架价格为9000万美元(约合人民币6亿元)。对比F/A-18E/F的价格,4亿的歼-15在主流舰载机中仍算物美价廉。

但是我们也要看到,歼-15 价格仍然有大幅度上涨的可能。目前的歼-15属于滑跃起飞,而正在测试的弹射型歼-15也已经曝光。相比滑跃起飞型,弹射起飞型歼-15需要在结构上进行加强,这会增加额外的制造和测试成本。以法国的阵风战斗机为例,空军的单座型型号为阵风C,海军的单座型为阵风M,前者的采购为6800万欧元,后者则高达7900万欧元,两者的主要差别在于为适应弹射和阻拦装置所进行的结构加强。1100万欧元折算成人民币接近8000万。可以想象,歼-15的弹射起飞型,采购价格按照保守估计也要增长10%,其价格可能会超过4.5亿乃至逼近5亿。

歼-15的身价从哪来?

官媒此次提到的“4亿”应该是指海军从沈阳飞机制造公司采购歼-15的价格,该价格应包含了沈飞的研发成本摊销、制造成本以及合理的利润。制造成本的概念容易理解,更为重要的是,在装备价格中“摊销的研发成本”的占比可能不低。

根据已经公开的资料,1996年,沈阳飞机制造公司开始总装苏-27SK;21世纪初,我国从乌克兰获得了T-10K-3(苏-33的原型机)样机。这两个事件应该是我国舰载机选择歼-15的重要节点。歼-15项目立项于2001年左右,2009年首飞,期间经历接近10年。如果把歼-15作为一个单独的项目,那么所有涉及这个项目的人员、设备、材料和测试产生的支出都应计入歼-15项目,形成成本。迄今为止,歼-15的研发成本仍是高度保密。但按照我国的一般规律,沈飞可能只承担一部分费用。再加上舰载机结构的复杂性,以及歼-15目前有限的产量,其研发成本可能要比空军的歼-11系列高出50%以上。

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