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多措并举精准施策 打赢脱贫攻坚战——全国人大常委会就脱贫攻坚工作情况开展专题询问

2017-09-01 23:20:56   新华网

进一步提高农村贫困人口的医疗保障水平

在农村,重大疾病、慢性病、地方病是致贫、返贫的主要原因。“对落实农村贫困人口的大病、慢性病、地方病医疗救助的政策有何考虑?”全国人大常委会委员唐世礼的提问,引起现场人员的共鸣。

国家卫生和计划生育委员会主任李斌解释说,目前居民基本医保新农合、大病保险、医疗救助这三道保障线已经对农村贫困人口实现了全覆盖,并实行了倾斜政策。其中,新农合对住院报销的贫困人口的报销比例提高5个百分点,大病保险对贫困人口在起付线、报销比例、报销封顶线上给予倾斜。在三道保障线的基础上,对特殊贫困的家庭和人口,推动建立医疗兜底保障机制,通过补充保险、财政补助和社会救助进行兜底保障,明显降低贫困患者的自付比例。贫困人口是在县里先住院后付费,在医院这个窗口实行一站式结算,这样出院以后,只交自己应付的部分,其他由医院和保障机构去结算,有效减轻了他们的负担。

对此,民政部部长黄树贤补充说,目前包括低保对象、特困人员等贫困人口在内的重点救助对象,政策范围内的救助比例普遍达到了70%。全国已经有93%的地区建立了一站式即时结算机制,这些地方的困难群众住院就诊基本上实行了“随治随结、随结随走”。

研究建立生态补偿促进脱贫攻坚

目前我国的主要重点生态功能区,有不少在少数民族地区。如何处理生态保护与经济发展、扶贫开发的关系,对民族地区来说意义极大,也难度不小。全国人大民族委员会副主任委员吴仕民就此提问,国家在处理好少数民族地区的保护与发展方面将会采取哪些有力措施,使这些地区的农牧民能够得到应有的补偿,增强获得感,从而实现保护与发展的双赢?

国家发展和改革委员会主任何立峰回应说,一些少数民族贫困地区生存环境恶劣,生态环境脆弱,贫困农牧民占比也比较高,生态环境保护和扶贫开发任务繁重。为此,国务院扶贫领导小组把结合生态保护脱贫一批,作为“五个一批”工程的重要组成部分。国家发展和改革委员会等有关部门也结合推进生态建设、生态补偿等各项工作,不断加大生态扶贫支持力度。比如,在安排退耕还林还草、天然林资源保护、重点防护林体系建设、石漠化综合治理等重大生态工程建设中,都明确优先安排贫困地区建设指标和投资,并要求80%以上的退耕还林还草任务用于贫困地区。目前国家重点生态功能区转移支付、森林生态效益补偿、草原生态补助奖励、流域生态补偿等方面,正在逐步形成比较完整的政策体系和补偿资金保障机制。

他说,国家发展和改革委员会、国家林业局正在会同有关部门研究编制生态扶贫行动方案,在重大生态工程建设、生态管护、生态补偿等方面,进一步明确对贫困地区,特别是少数民族贫困地区和贫困人口的精准帮扶举措,推进生态保护和脱贫攻坚更加有机结合。同时,加大贫困地区生态建设力度,投资计划优先向贫困县倾斜。在这一过程中积极创新工程建设方式,鼓励工程区范围内建档立卡贫困户积极投工投劳,提高贫困人口的参与度和受益水平。还将研究建立生态补偿促进脱贫攻坚的有效途径,推动健全省级财政对省以下转移支付的制度,引导建立横向补偿关系,探索建立市场化生态补偿机制,并在生态功能区以县为主体,整合转移支付、横向补偿和市场化补偿等资金,建立生态综合补偿制度,让贫困地区农牧民在参与生态保护中获得应有的补偿。

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