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火烧沟遗址缘何41年等不来发掘报告——关注考古发掘报告滞后积压之困

2017-08-31 09:41:15   新华网

另外不容忽视的一点是,我国的田野考古发掘实行考古领队负责制,“如果发掘报告整理中,出现人员更替以及由此带来的资料缺失,势必严重影响报告的完成。”陈建立强调。

 3.发掘报告“出炉”如何提速

回到火烧沟遗址发掘报告的“久唤不出”,原因也逃不过以上几点。

据了解整个发掘项目的知情人士透露,历史遗留问题是主因。当时主持发掘的甘肃考古元老张学正以及另外一位重要参与者周广济在多年前去世,持续进行的报告整理工作不得已只好停滞。“再加上甘肃省文物考古研究所几经人事变动,项目进展多少会受影响。当然,考古研究所研究人员紧缺也是不争的事实。”

“考古发掘,还是要给学界和大众一个交代。”朱延平说。他记得,有一次去拜访日本东京埋藏文化财的一位学者,在该单位的门口竟然竖立着这样的字牌:“不得以任何理由使便携报告人员离开办公室。”这种无形的督促,让他印象深刻。

近年来,随着国家和社会对考古工作的重视和关注,包括经费等多方面条件的支持力度都大大增加,同时对考古发掘报告的出版也加大了约束力度。国家文物局在新修订的《考古发掘管理办法》中就规定:“考古发掘报告的编写工作要在发掘结束后的3年内完成。年度发掘报告应在当年完成编写工作。”

“从之前对考古发掘报告出版没有年限要求到现在明确提出3年,这就相当于给有关人员增加了一条硬约束。”水涛说。他介绍说,因为现在田野考古项目领队的执照是由国家文物局来批准的,如不能在3年内组织力量对负责的考古项目进行整理,会直接影响到以后新的考古项目的接续。

他山之石,可以攻玉。陈建立了解到,在韩国和日本,基建性质的发掘项目多会交给专门的考古公司或公立考古机构来完成,且在发掘前就会约定好工作内容和提交发掘报告的时间,因为人员充足再加之承载的研究性内容较少,所以他们的报告整理时效性强,资料公布及时。他认为,中国考古界可以结合自身情况,学习和部分借鉴这种工作机制。(本报记者 王丹)

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