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【第三极大科考】第二次青藏高原综合科考研究启动 首轮江湖源科考取得多项成果

2017-08-19 21:31:17   央广网

在刚刚结束的“江湖源科考”中,四支科考队在两个月里取得多项重要成果,包括钻取了西藏第一大湖色林错目前最长的湖芯;获取色林错的最新水量,40年相当于增加了一个三峡水库;钻取4根唐古拉山脉的冰芯,在藏北发现了超级化石群和最古老的高原内部人类定居区等。

西藏第一大湖色林错 年增水量8亿立方米

通过湖泊测量与水文分析,科学家发现,从2005年到2017年,色林错湖年均入湖径流量22亿立方米,年增水量8亿立方米,是青藏高原扩张最快的湖泊,2009年左右成长为西藏第一大湖。目前湖面面积已达2381平方公里,湖水总容量630亿立方米,相较于1976年340亿立方米的容量,相当于增加了将近一个三峡水库的水量。

中科院青藏高原研究所所长 姚檀栋:扩张的原因,我们以前认为是降水可能起到主要的作用,现在看来是冰川融化可能起着更加重要的作用。所以它这个湖是稳定地在扩张,而且会越来越大,对于整个的生态保护,我们完全面临着新的挑战,通过建国家公园,就是应对这个挑战最好的方式和保障。

湖芯和冰芯,是研究气候环境变化的密码,记录着青藏高原过去数千年乃至几十万年的气候环境变化。在色林错湖畔大营,湖泊与水文科考队用一个月时间钻取了两根湖芯,最长的10米,这也是目前我国科学家在色林错钻取的最长湖芯,它的年代还在进一步研究中。而在唐古拉山冰川海拔5650米的冰芯钻取点,科考队克服冰裂隙和冰湖等重重困难,钻取了4根冰芯。科考还发现了最丰富的地球冰川景观与状态稳定的普若岗日冰原。

藏北发现旧石器时代古人类遗址

此外,科学家们还在藏北发现了旧石器时代的古人类遗址20多处,遗址年代为距今1.5万年到6千年左右,出土了大量夹砂陶片、打制石器和石制品。

中科院青藏高原研究所所长 姚檀栋:说明这个地方人类是生生不息,一直在这个土地上不断地耕耘,不断地生息。(央视记者 陈琴 汪成健 扎旺 益西)

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