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[访谈]追忆中国工艺美术大师夏吾才郎唐卡艺术追梦之路

2017-08-15 14:10:34   央广网

记者:夏吾才郎是什么时候出徒的,按照自己的意愿创作唐卡绘画,大概是什么时候?

教授:1945年,夏吾才郎23岁,师父恩准他可以独立外出作画了。夏吾才郎满心激动,带着艺徒夏俄洛藏,选择了青海、四川、甘肃等地的一些寺院,相继作画长达10年之久。他在作画的过程中,学习和吸收了各地寺院传统壁画和唐卡艺术的特点,尤其对同仁东南部坎巴地区(注:指西康的甘孜等地)的著名画师格登的绘画特色,进行了认真的学习和揣摩,使得他的藏画技艺达到娴熟的地步,甚至不用画稿就可以直接构图作画,一挥而就。

他告诉我,在这之前,他对绘画的认识还处在模模糊糊的萌芽状态,通过到各地学习交流,绘画的目的逐渐清晰,如果分为两个阶段的话,第一阶段的作画是用手在画,进入第二个阶段后,他在用心做画。为了使绘画达到由表及里的统一,既讲究线条的自如流畅和弹性力度,也讲究色彩的闪耀对比及协调一致,并考虑到表现手法与内容的贯穿,从绘画过程的熟练,深入到绘画技巧的应用。他有了新的目标,这就是寻根溯源,尝试探索藏族传统绘画艺术的新路径。

记者:开始的时候,我说到了视野对成就一位艺术家的重要性,显然,走出去对夏吾才郎有着非凡的意义。

教授:的确如此,1956年4月,夏吾才郎先生为了探寻“唐卡”绘画之源,他带着另一名徒弟尕布藏,前往西藏布达拉宫朝拜、观摩。并于翌年,去了出境到印度加尔各答、多杰丹等地探索、学习,期间,拜访了佛祖故里和四、五十座佛教寺院遗址,欣赏和领略了名刹古寺中无数珍贵的艺术品,使之耳目一新,对绘画艺术的赏识水平和鉴别能力达到新的高度,经过比较他发现,从绘画技法看基本是一致的,但是,在表现上由于地理气候的差异,在佛祖形象、服装等方面有所不同,例如,在印度佛教艺术中的释迦牟尼诸佛的形象,基本保持了印度南亚人的形象特征,而中国则是中原汉人的形象;印度衣着多为单薄,中国衣着略显厚实,从热贡绘画艺术中,可以明显的看出,在画面表现中有印度佛教、汉传佛教和藏传佛教内容形式。所以,他在各地游览期间,他通过学习、继承、吸收,将藏画艺术之精华融入自己创作得一幅幅壁画、唐卡作品之中,使之跻于上乘,并成熟的认识到,创新才能使得藏画艺术有生命力。

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