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不能忘记,73年前的8月8日

2017-08-11 12:05:10   新华网

“8月4日。第11军命令对衡阳第3次总攻击……8时开始冲锋,一线步兵机枪,迫击炮一起狂热射击,冲锋的声势高涨起来。联队长命令拼出死命,坚决冲锋。左大队冲入敌阵,重庆军从两侧面高地猛烈开火射击,在正面重庆军士兵从被摧毁的房屋背后跳出来投掷手榴弹。最终左大队全部战死了,攻击最终受挫。22时,日本军开始用大型发烟筒发烟,5分钟后开始炮击……但进攻没有成功。同日日本军步兵第120联队,让官兵奉拜军旗,要官兵们与军旗共存亡,做最后的冲锋。但是各个中队连日作战,最多只有40到50名,还有的中队只有20到30名。右侧也一样,大队进攻正面,冲锋人数只有不足一个中队,白刃战只有一个小队。”

  二

守卫衡阳的第十军,编制名义上是3个师9个团,如果满编应该为3.3万人,但该军刚参加完常德会战,损失惨重,日军扑至衡阳时,尚未完成人员补充,所以实际只有1.7万人。47天中,第十军未得到一兵一卒的增援和粮弹补充,日军第一次总攻后,第十军炮兵的炮弹已基本耗尽。战至后期,伤亡惨重,子弹也基本耗尽。相比之下,日军兵力与火力占绝对优势,且能源源不断补充兵员与弹药,甚至久攻不下时,还无耻地使用了毒气。但是,衡阳守军依然杀伤了远超自军总兵力的敌人,在抗战期间,确实是一个奇迹——要知道,“七七事变”以来,正面战场多次会战,均是我众敌寡,结果却很快溃败,丢城弃地,且伤亡远超日军。

不得不说,时任第十军军长的方先觉,确实是一个防守大师。至今,在西点军校教材中,还有他的贡献:“方先觉壕”。日本人则称为“方先觉绝壁壕”,当年他们曾哀叹:“我军既无法靠近,更无法攀登,此种伟大之工事,实为重庆军多年以来与我军作战智慧之结晶!”

当年衡阳城东边与北边为湘江和草河,形成天然屏障,“方先觉壕”保护了衡阳城南与城西,这两处为水田、沼泽和丘陵地带。所谓“方先觉壕”,是将凡属正面对敌的高地,都削成不能攀登的90°断壁绝崖,绝壁上方设手榴弹投掷壕,两侧高地之间马鞍部前面,构成密集交叉火力网,火网之前布置坚固复杂的障碍物和连环的地雷区。绝壁完工后,挖出来的泥土会填至外壕,形成一个壕底,使本来就陡峭的壕体更加难以攀登,壕底还会放置倒刺。绝壁前,是一片片平坦的水田,事先放满了水——可以想象日本人的绝望吧,先被守军炮击,活着越过火炮防线的敌人,在水田里根本无法快速行动,成为重机枪的靶子,千辛万苦,突破地雷、铁丝网到达绝壁下,只能先跳入外壕,下面是扎脚的铁钉,上面是雨点般的手榴弹……

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