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综述:中国北极科考队开展多项作业

2017-08-10 18:44:17   新华网

记者了解到,中国北极科考队搭乘“雪龙”号科考船自8月2日进入北纬75度以北的北极冰区以来,沿途海冰基本没有对“雪龙”号的行进造成困难。

杨清华说,现场观测表明,沿途海冰密集度(所占面积比例)多为6至9成,海冰多为1.0至1.5米厚的当年冰(寿命一年以内,没有挨过夏季的消融);海冰表面覆盖有大量的融池(海冰融化形成的冰面水坑),冰间水道纵横交错。

全球气候变暖背景下,北极海冰正在发生快速衰减。据统计,自1979年有卫星观测记录以来,北极海冰夏季最小范围减少了约50%。

如今随着北极海冰融化,北极航道变得越来越有吸引力。北极航道主要包括东北航道、西北航道和穿越北极点的中央航道。2016年夏季,中国中远海运集团有6个商船船次穿行北极东北航道(经过俄罗斯北部海域,连接东亚和欧洲的航线);与东亚到欧洲的传统航道相比,东北航道的里程缩短了约30%,可节省大量的航行时间和燃油成本。

  预报技术支持

记者还从第八次北极科考队获悉,自2017年8月开始,国家海洋环境预报中心开始为北极科考队提供海冰厚度数值预报产品。国家海洋环境预报中心自2010年开始为我国北极科考队提供海冰专题预报保障服务,服务产品包括多源海冰遥感图像和海冰密集度数值预报产品,而发布海冰厚度数值预报产品尚属首次。

受海冰表面融化影响,目前国际上很难获取夏季的海冰厚度遥感监测产品,因此夏季的海冰厚度预报也是一个国际难题。

据悉,国家海洋环境预报中心近年来研发了基于集合卡曼滤波的北极海冰资料同化技术,并首次将CryoSat-2和SMOS两套国际现有的相关数据投入业务预报试验,建立了北极海冰-海洋集合预报系统。

杨清华说,目前该系统给出的“雪龙”号附近区域冰厚多为1.0至1.5米,这与现场观测结果较为吻合,说明上述海冰厚度数值预报产品为科考作业的顺利开展提供了重要参考。

“雪龙”号第八次赴北极 将首次环北冰洋航行

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