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习近平用两个“最大”定位一个判断

2017-08-10 18:18:12   中国青年网

了解自己比了解别人重要,判断方位比追求速度重要,清醒比勇气重要。中国处于并长期处于社会主义初级阶段,这是对我国社会主义历史进程中现实方位的精准判断,也是最科学的判断,是我们谋事干事的总依据。党的十八大以来,习近平反复强调,“全党要牢牢把握社会主义初级阶段这个最大国情,牢牢立足社会主义初级阶段这个最大实际”。

2017年7月26日至27日,省部级主要领导干部“学习习近平总书记重要讲话精神,迎接党的十九大”专题研讨班在京举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在开班式上发表重要讲话。

一、党对基本国情的科学认识

正确认识国情是建设中国特色社会主义的首要问题,这既是党的思想路线的根本要求,也是制定和执行正确路线、方针和政策的根本依据。社会主义初级阶段,是我们党从社会性质和发展阶段上对中国国情所做的全局性、总体性判断。

新中国成立后的一个很长时期内,我们党对基本国情的认识存在偏差,致使制定的路线、方针、政策脱离了中国的基本国情,脱离了中国最大的实际。其中有三次超越阶段的教训:一是过早结束新民主主义阶段,社会主义改造过急;二是1958年的“大跃进”和“人民公社化”,希图过早地进入共产主义;三是“文革”中割资本主义尾巴。超阶段的急躁冒进盲动,给经济社会造成严重损失。“文革”结束后,邓小平同志提出了正确认识基本国情这一重大课题。早在1979年,他就提出,“过去搞民主革命,要适合中国情况,走毛泽东同志开辟的农村包围城市的道路。现在搞建设,也要适合中国情况,走出一条中国式的现代化道路。”所谓“中国情况”,就是基本国情。1987年,邓小平同志又作出这样的论述:“现在的方针政策,就是对‘文化大革命’进行总结的结果。最根本的一条经验教训,就是要弄清什么叫社会主义和共产主义,怎样搞社会主义。搞社会主义必须根据本国的实际。”

党的十一届三中全会以后,随着解放思想、实事求是思想路线的恢复,我们党对社会主义发展问题有了系统的、科学的认识,并最终形成了社会主义初级阶段理论。1981年6月,《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》明确指出:“我们的社会主义制度还是处在初级阶段。”这是在中国共产党的历史文献中第一次正式提出中国处在社会主义初级阶段。1982年9月党的十二大报告指出:“我国的社会主义社会现在还处在初级发展阶段,物质文明还不发达。”党的十三大召开前夕,邓小平同志在会见意大利共产党领导人的谈话中指出:“我们党的十三大要阐述中国社会主义是处在一个什么阶段,就是处在初级阶段,是初级阶段的社会主义。社会主义本身是共产主义的初级阶段,而我们中国又处在社会主义的初级阶段,就是不发达的阶段。一切都要从这个实际出发,根据这个实际来制订规划。”这个论述,第一次把社会主义初级阶段作为事关全局的基本国情加以把握,明确了这一问题是制定路线和政策的根本依据。1987年10月,党的十三大科学表述了我国的基本国情。十三大报告明确指出:“我国正处在社会主义初级阶段”。这个科学论断,是对我国基本国情的准确概括。党的十四大报告指出,建设有中国特色社会主义理论“在社会主义的发展阶段问题上,作出了我国还处在社会主义初级阶段的科学论断,强调这是一个至少上百年的很长的历史阶段,制定一切方针政策都必须以这个基本国情为依据,不能脱离实际,超越阶段”。党的十四大通过的《中国共产党章程》(修正案)和1993年八届人大一次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》作了相应修正。至此,“社会主义初级阶段”的概念和理论以党和国家两个根本大法的形式确定下来。1997年,党的十五大报告再次重申了社会主义初级阶段的理论。此后,“三个代表重要思想”,“科学发展观”,特别是习近平总书记的系列讲话和党的十八大以来党的许多重要文件,又从多方面丰富和发展了社会主义初级阶段理论,我们党对我国基本国情的认识更加清晰。

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