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巴颜喀拉板块近年强震频发 汶川、九寨都处版块边缘

2017-08-10 09:15:26   中国青年网

高建国还表示,目前九寨沟的余震与主震震级差别较大,能量尚未释放完,未来应该还会有里氏6级以上的余震。

而中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员秦四清也对澎湃新闻表示,“只要是发生在同一个区的地震,都有直接或间接的关联。”

秦四清表示,岩石力学实验表明,岩石变形破坏过程可分为微裂纹闭合阶段、弹性变形阶段、稳定破裂阶段(开始产生微裂隙)、非稳定破裂阶段(微裂隙丛集)和峰后共5个阶段。

加载时,岩石破裂导致声发射(微破裂或微震)事件发生。加载初期,微破裂在空间呈现均匀分布特征,当加载至体积膨胀点时,微破裂丛集,震群事件开始发生,震群事件是岩石宏观破裂前监测技术可识别的唯一地震活动性前兆。峰值强度点以前发生的系列破裂事件标志着岩石处于能量积累阶段,峰值强度点及以后发生的系列破裂事件标志着岩石处于能量释放阶段。

秦四清表示,2008年汶川大地震是该区域第3锁固段体积膨胀点事件,当演化至峰值强度点时,将再次发生里氏8.0到8.3级的标志性地震。

而2013年芦山7.0级地震与2017年九寨沟7.0级地震,是第3锁固段自体积膨胀点后向峰值强度点演化过程中发生的中间过程事件,与汶川大地震一样,均为第3锁固段破裂事件。

“显然两次地震密切相关。”秦四清说道。

未来该区域发生强烈地震的概率极高

未来川西地区发生强烈地震的概率极高的观点得到了多位专家的认同。

“汶川地震区在玛多-阿坝一带,将是未来强(大)震的高发区,因为这一带断裂规模大,且有多个地震空区。”秦四清说道。

陈会忠也表示,川西地区位于南北地震带上,另有两条地震带分别从贝加尔湖往西延伸至新疆西部、吉尔吉斯斯坦、巴基斯坦,从巴基斯坦延伸至中印边界、缅甸,共同构成了中国-蒙古大三角地震区。

“这个地区肯定是中国发生强烈地震的危险区之一,当然中国发生强烈地震最危险的是台湾,西藏南部这些地区,有一种说法是中国地震最危险的是西藏南部,第二是台湾,第三是云南,第四才是川西地区。”陈会忠说道。

对于如何应对地震灾害的问题,陈会忠表示,地震预测整体在科学上尚未突破,但可以依据现有的地震带分布资料未雨绸缪。

“中国地震局在去年发布了第五代中国地震分布图,这张图上标明了哪些地区五十年超越10%概率会发生多大级别烈度的震动,比如川西地区基本都是在7到9度,这张图已经细致到每一个村庄了,这就是我们判断这一地区地震形势的依据,因此在这个地区居住就需要想到随时可能发生地震。”陈会忠说道,这些地区平时就需要把房子盖结实,做好紧急情况下的应急演练工作。

一位不愿具名的中国地震局专家对澎湃新闻表示,新疆在这方面的经验做法可圈可点,值得借鉴。

“新疆也是几大地震活跃区之一,新疆在十几年之前就由政府出钱给老百姓做抗震安居工程,凡是老百姓盖房子,政府拿出一部分钱来进行补助,在农村建设抗震安居房。”这位专家表示,过去经济水平较低时,新疆政府为每家每户补贴一万到一万五千元用于改善房屋抗震性,而现在每家补贴额度可达六到十万元。

“这样在发生地震时就能减少很多损失,比事后去救灾要好的多,新疆发生6级地震已经基本不死人了。”该专家说道,“当然现在都有要求了,任何一个地区建房子都需要求7度设防,建设部门应该按照这个要求来盖房子。”

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