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香港流感肆虐已致307人死亡 病毒的超强变异性或是罪魁

2017-08-06 14:02:36   中国青年网

数据显示,从2016年7月至今年3月,香港有两成的H3N2毒株出现变异,到今年五月变异比率更多于三成半。此次患严重流感的431宗成人个案(年龄为十八岁或以上)中,有385人感染H3N2流感。

从今年3月到7月29日,香港卫生署检测到的甲型流感H3N2占比88.8%,该流感通常高发于老年人群体。

流感危机已蔓延到与香港一桥之隔的深圳。深圳流感连续3周最高级预警,本周还在“危险期”。根据深圳流感监测哨点医院的监测数据分析,8月2日—8月8日流感指数为I级(极易发生),提示流感流行强度高。

8月2日,深圳出入境检验检疫局副局长曲海峰通过深圳卫生和计划生育委员会官方微博称,今年6月份,深圳各口岸检出流感病例就高达800多宗,7月1日-26日检出流感病例1222宗,增加约五成。

注射了流感疫苗,为何还会患上流感?

香港卫生署公布的数据显示,在死亡个案中,在304宗成人死亡个案中,137人(占45.1%)曾接受过流感疫苗注射。接受了流感疫苗注射,为何还会患上流感,甚至死亡?

袁国勇接受香港媒体采访时称,由于每年的流感都是由不同的病毒株组成,流感预防疫苗的有效性每年都会有变化。流感疫苗在欧美地区的有效率为40%,香港的有效性最高达70%。

曾于2014年冬季流感高峰感染过H3N2病毒者,体内会产生对抗流感病毒的天然抗体,短期内会受保护。但两年半后的今天,天然抗体逐渐下降至极低水平而失去免疫力。而去年曾接种流感疫苗的民众,限于流感疫苗只有约为6个月的效力,有部分人会因抗体下降而成为易感染个体。

疫苗的研发,始终在与病毒的变异进行着竞赛,有时还会输掉比赛,带来流感的大范围暴发。李德新告诉《财经》记者,即便如此,注射疫苗,仍然是预防流感发生的最主要、唯一的手段。

流感疫苗自问世以来经过大量临床研究及人群接种,证实其对各年龄段人群均能产生良好的免疫效果,可有效预防流感的发生及流行。

流感的临床表现为发热、头痛、肌痛、乏力、鼻炎、咽痛和咳嗽,可有肠胃不适,早期与传染性非典型肺炎的鉴别诊断困难。

流感能加重潜在的疾病(如心肺疾患)或者引起继发细菌性肺炎或原发流感病毒性肺炎,老年人以及患有各种慢性病或者体质虚弱者患流感后容易出现严重并发症,病死率较高。

目前尚无治疗流感的特效药,抗生素不能预防或治疗流感,一些抗病毒药也只能部份缓解症状。患流感后的处理方法多是卧床休息,服用止痛剂或退烧药,大量喝水等对症治疗。

时常处于变异状态的流感病毒,给流感的防疫带来挑战。每年2月份,世界卫生组织(WHO)都会召开专家会议,确定下一个流感季节流感疫苗推荐毒株的组成。专家们根据前一年分布在全球100多个国家和地区的毒株情况,对上一年的毒株进行调整。而基于毒株研发的流感疫苗,也随之每年都发生变化。

香港卫生防护中心数据显示,香港普通科诊所的流感病类每周求诊比率已由6月初的7.6%急速上升到七月中旬的14.2%。

好消息是,目前流感疫情有减缓的趋势。截止7月29日的每周求诊比率为10%,相较于七月中旬的14.2%有轻微回落。且最新监测数据显示,香港流感活跃程度在过去一星期有所下降。

不过,卫生署防护中心发言人在近日表示,“香港季节性流感活跃程度维持在高水平,预期未来数星期仍然活跃。”

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