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“塞罕坝”是怎样铸成的(砥砺奋进的五年·绿色发展 绿色生活)

2017-08-05 09:33:21   央广网

如今,荒原变绿了,风沙变小了,生活改善了。抚今追昔,塞罕坝人由衷欣慰:当初吃的苦,都化为了今天的甜。

科学求实,愈挫愈勇,全力以赴恢复美好绿水青山

林场建立之初,打击接踵而至。

因缺乏在高寒、高海拔地区造林的经验,1962年春天林场创业者们栽下1000亩树苗,到了秋天,成活率还不足5%。

不气馁,接着干,1963年春天又造林1240亩,可成活率仍不足8%。

接踵而来的两次失败,如同两盆冰水,泼在了创业者的头上。刚刚上马的塞罕坝林场内一时间刮起了“下马风”,造林事业处在了生死存亡的关口。

关键时刻,四位场领导王尚海、刘文仕、王福明、张启恩,把家从北京、承德、围场等地搬到了塞罕坝,破釜沉舟,安定人心。

从失败中吸取教训,他们很快发现了原因:外地苗木在调运途中容易失水、伤热捂苗,无法适应塞罕坝风大天干、异常寒冷的气候。

那就从零开始,自己育苗。经过艰苦探索,他们改进了传统的遮阴育苗法,在高原地区首次取得了全光育苗的成功,并摸索出培育“大胡子、矮胖子(根系发达、苗木敦实)”优质壮苗的技术要领,大大增加了育苗数量和产成苗数量,终于解决了大规模造林的苗木供应问题。

在植苗方面,塞罕坝人通过不断研究实践,攻克了大量技术难题,改进了苏联造林机械和植苗锹,创新了植苗方法。

两次失败,怎能把塞罕坝人打倒?1964年,春季造林的号角再次吹响,老书记王尚海带领职工在一个三面环山、名为马蹄坑的地方,开展了“马蹄坑造林大会战”。历经30多天,造林516亩,成活率达到90%以上。

塞罕坝人信心大振, “下马风”销声匿迹。这一役,创造了高寒地区栽植落叶松的成功先例,也开创了国内使用机械成功栽植针叶树的先河。正是从那时起,塞罕坝开启了大面积造林的时代。最多时每天造林超过2000亩。

在缺少设备、气候恶劣的条件下,全场团结一心植绿荒原,到1976年,累计造林69万亩。

然而,就在塞罕坝人准备大干一场之时,灾难降临到了这片饱经沧桑的土地上。

1977年,林场遭遇历史罕见的“雨凇”灾害,57万亩林地受灾,20万亩树木一夜之间被压弯折断,林场10多年的劳动成果损失过半。1980年,林场又遭遇了百年不遇的特大旱灾,连续3个月的干旱,导致12.6万亩树木旱死。

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