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中星9A太空爬升2万公里入轨 揭秘救赎复活之路

2017-07-10 04:01:37   

当然,航天人员也可以为卫星规划不同的爬升路线。条条大路通罗马,最终目的,都是让卫星重新进入地球同步轨道。

独自前行耗费燃料,但在轨加注并不可行

“修正”卫星轨道,这在航天史上不算新鲜事。

2004年6月,天顶号3SL火箭没能将星网-18(原亚太五号)卫星送到远地点约3万6千公里、近地点760公里的地球转移轨道,而是将其抛在了远地点为2万1千公里的轨道。据当时媒体报道,卫星制造商认为,利用卫星所带燃料仍可以将卫星调整到预定轨道。该卫星设计寿命为17年,利用自带燃料变轨后,卫星使用寿命大概缩减为13年。

同样的,这一次中星9A自己爬了两万公里,最直接的影响,就是消耗了大量燃料。

“卫星燃料的主要用途,是进入和保持轨道。”杨宇光说。上天时,卫星要靠自身燃料实现入轨;进入轨道后,卫星还会受到地球引力、太阳和月球引力等的影响,其运行轨道会发生微小变化,必要时,它要对自身进行轨道修正和保持——这,同样要耗费燃料。

燃料一旦耗尽,卫星就无法维持住自己所在的轨道,只能“默默飘走”,也就不能继续发挥作用。杨宇光指出,在其他设备正常的情况下,卫星寿命基本取决于其所剩燃料的多少。

既然燃料如此关键,有没有可能进行在轨加注,来一场太空加油?

“从技术原理上来说,这是可行的。比如前不久,天舟货运飞船就给天宫二号进行了在轨推进剂加注。”杨宇光说,“至于要不要做,那就是付出多大代价的问题。但到目前为止,还没有哪个国家对地球同步轨道卫星实施过这种操作。”原因是——太费钱。

而且,就算真的要进行推进剂补加,还得看卫星有没有“空中受油”的能力。中星9A只是一颗普通的通信卫星,并没有受油的基本设备。“现在的地球同步轨道卫星还没有为‘受油’而设计的。”杨宇光说。

(科技日报北京7月9日电)

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