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内蒙古火灾曝光林区难题:职工扑救不会用灭火器

2017-06-09 02:26:00   经济参考报

“各地公路建设的配套资金标准基本统一,在林区这种高寒地区修路,成本远高于内陆平原地区。”他说。

“如果首先预警快,及时发现火情,然后能做到多种方式快速向一线投送兵力,就能占得先机,一旦错过初发火阶段,火势迅速蔓延,扑救难度就大了。”武警内蒙古自治区森林总队总队长曹龙说。

“整个火区其实就是一条路,剩下全部是靠装甲运兵车、清道运兵车来运兵,或者靠扑火队员路上走、空中投放兵力。”国家林业局副局长李树铭表示,林区大火的扑救过程中,空中投放兵力和装甲车运兵显得尤为重要,但这两方面力量不足也是值得关注的问题。

“扑火救灾手段比较单一,飞机数量比较少,机械化扑火能力较差,主要还是依靠人和火直接的扑救方式,所以给扑火救灾带来很大的难度。”他说。

基层防火人员表示,目前遥感卫星发现火点时,火场面积往往已有1平方公里,加之林区道路难行,空中大规模运输还难以实现,扑火队伍赶到时往往已酿成大火。

此外,中国移动、中国联通、中国电信在火场绝大部分区域均无信号,扑救队伍只能依靠对讲机在有限范围内进行沟通,前后方通讯极为困难。在毕拉河大火中,即使是在前方指挥部,也只有临时调来的中国移动信号车提供服务,中国电信的信号在火情发生3日后才得以接通。而在那吉大火中,中国联通的应急通信保障车竟然是从距火场近2000公里外的呼和浩特紧急调来的。

李纪恒认为,从目前情况来看,林区基础设施薄弱,应急救援保障能力严重滞后,遇到紧急情况,扑救队员运送不畅,受伤人员转送不通,通信联络断断续续,这种情况必须改变。

大多扑火队员面临退休招募新人成难题

“国有林区停止商业性采伐之后,职工老龄化问题突出,资金不足,工资也相对低,林区的专业扑火力量正在不断削弱。”李树铭说,扑火救灾工作,特别是指挥工作,对于专业扑火经验有很高的要求,扑火队伍的专业化、扑火指挥员的专业化,都是扑火救灾工作能够顺利完成的基石。

记者在扑火前线看到,来自林区的扑火队员大多已是四五十岁的年龄,与年轻的武警森林部队官兵站在一起,对比非常明显。林业部门对林区扑火队员老龄化趋势极为担忧,多数扑火队的装备也相对落后,许多只能进行看守火场和清理工作。

记者采访中获悉,2016年底,多部委联合印发的《全国森林防火规划(2016-2025年)》提出,未来10年我国将投资450.95亿元,通过重点实施林火预警监测系统、通信和信息指挥系统、森林消防队伍能力、森林航空消防、林火阻隔系统、森林防火应急道路等六大建设任务,使24小时火灾扑灭率超过95%,森林火灾受害率稳定控制在0.9‰以内。然而在远景规划的背后,林区防火工作后继无人的问题却并没有找到更好的解决路径。

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