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第二,要坚定维护以宪法和基本法为基础的特别行政区宪制秩序。习近平总书记指出,坚持依法治港是全面依法治国的应有之义,依法治港首先是依照宪法和基本法治港。我国对香港恢复行使主权,标志着香港的宪制基础和法律地位发生了根本性改变。作为国家根本大法的宪法和根据宪法制定的香港特别行政区基本法,共同构成了香港特别行政区政权架构、政治运作、社会治理体系的宪制基础。在中华人民共和国之内,宪法具有最高法律地位和法律效力,是我国各项事业的总章程。香港特别行政区基本法是落实“一国两制”方针的宪制性法律,在特别行政区法律体系中处于顶端位置,特别行政区任何法律,包括普通法在内的香港原有法律,在理解与适用上都必须以基本法为依据,均不得与基本法相抵触。在香港特别行政区基本法的实施过程中,全国人大常委会根据宪法和基本法赋予的职权,行使对基本法的解释权,所作出的解释具有最终性,与基本法具有同等法律效力,必须得到一体遵循。同时,全国人大常委会依据香港特别行政区基本法作出的有关决定,在特别行政区具有法律约束力。迄今为止,全国人大常委会依法对香港特别行政区基本法作出过五次解释,并对涉及香港长期繁荣稳定的重大问题作出过四次决定,有效发挥了定分止争、释疑解惑的作用,积极促进了香港特别行政区法治的完善。
第三,要始终坚持以行政长官为核心的行政主导体制。香港特别行政区基本法所规定的香港特别行政区的政治体制,不是“三权分立”,也不是“立法主导”或“司法主导”,而是以行政长官为核心的行政主导。这一特殊的设计,符合香港特别行政区作为中央人民政府直辖下享有高度自治权的一个地方行政区域的法律地位,适应香港作为国际性工商业大都会对于政府效能的实际需要,并保留了香港原有政制中行之有效的部分,是最有利于香港发展的制度安排。在此体制中,行政长官作为特别行政区和特别行政区政府的“双首长”,要对中央人民政府和特别行政区“双负责”,是连接中央与特别行政区、“一国”和“两制”的重要枢纽,必然要在特别行政区政权机构的运作中处于主导地位。与此同时,特别行政区的行政机关和立法机关既相互制衡又相互配合,司法机关独立行使审判权,各个政权机关依照基本法规定的权限共同维护行政主导体制的正常运作。将来特别行政区政治体制的发展和完善,也必须符合行政主导的基本原则。还需要特别强调的是,依照香港特别行政区基本法产生的特别行政区管治团队,必须由尊重中华民族、诚心诚意拥护祖国对香港恢复行使主权、不损害香港繁荣稳定的爱国者组成。尤其是处于政治体制核心位置的行政长官,要符合爱国爱港、中央信任、有管治能力、港人拥护的标准。中央对特别行政区法定公职人员是否拥护香港特别行政区基本法、是否效忠国家和特别行政区,负有监督责任。
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