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快递污染:包装回收不足10% 胶带降解需近百年

2017-05-16 02:55:25   经济参考报

快递绿色包装方面,一些快递企业在寄递时也开始采用可降解纸箱和可循环塑料箱,而在中转时采用可循环使用帆布袋,并推出了纸箱回收计划。据顺丰速运介绍,顺丰速运2016年聚乙烯(PE)类材料减少消耗2793吨、聚丙烯(PP)类材料减少843吨、原纸减少消耗2539吨。

国际快递纷纷“绿色化”

事实上,除我国外,发达国家早已建立了相关法律法规。德国1991年、1997年先后出台《包装废弃物管理办法》和《包装回收再生利用法》,要求除包装生产商外,从事运输、代理、批发、零售的企业需负责回收包装物。法规要求,凡包装体积明显超过商品本身10%以及包装费用明显超出商品30%行为,应判定为侵害消费者权益的“商业欺诈”。此外,德国还设立了对传统塑料袋征收1.27欧元/公斤的绿点税,而完全生物降解的塑料袋免税。

  

资料图:山东青岛一高校校园内快递点业务量陡增。skd 摄 图片来源:视觉中国

在“污染者付费”原则的基础上,日本1995年提出,由消费者负责将包装废弃物分类,市政府负责收集已分类的包装废弃物,私有企业获政府批准后对包装废弃物进行再处理。同时,日本还规定包装容器内空位不得超过容器体积的20%,包装成本不得超过产品出售价的15%。

英国也立法规定,包装物在满足商品卫生安全外,不得添加过多包装。如果企业违反规定,消费者可以投诉并进行处理。在过去20年,英国商品的包装重量减少了40%。

此外,除快递本身的包装外,汽车碳排放也是国际邮政减排的重点。法国2014年设立了社会责任部门(CSR),提出到2020年,法国邮政现有的车辆将100%替换为新能源车,以减少温室气体排放。目前,法国邮政拥有世界上最庞大的环保车队。

瑞士则开始使用环保系数更高的B7柴油、新能源车辆和太阳能供电系统等。这些新举措已经帮助瑞士邮政减少碳排放1100吨。而在挪威,除了大量采用电动车外,还开始采购零排放燃料,部分城市的邮件配送已实现二氧化碳“净零排放”目标。

在此背景下,2015年,在国际邮政公司环境监测体系成员邮政运营商中,可替代性新能源车辆占车辆总数的比例由2008年的10%提升至现在的14%;可替代性新能源扩展至11类。目前,已有5个国家的邮政运营商率先迈向100%使用可替代性能源车辆的目标,18个国家的邮政运营商在提高能源使用效能、提供技术支撑、增加资金投入、使用可替代性能源车辆、办公楼使用新能源等方面采取针对性措施。

而在国内,京东也已联合大型电动汽车整车厂家,开始研发电动物流货运车,用于各分拣中心到配送站点路段的运输。去年6月,首批京东新能源货车在北京、上海、成都三地率先上路运营。

但需注意的是,快递包装绿色化是一个系统工程,虽然在快递及上下游企业的努力下取得了部分进展,但仍面临着推进瓶颈。业内人士表示,虽然国家在倡导绿色发展理念,也出台了相关政策,但方案及现有行业标准缺乏强制性,难以对各市场主体形成有效约束。

“成本高企是推进难的主要原因。”上述人士指出,一捆全长约265米、宽6厘米的普通胶带,在网上的批发价格约为10元,但同样规格和长度的牛皮纸胶带价格近40元。企业的推广难度可想而知。

此外,上述人士同时表示,回收率低也是目前推进的难点。现阶段面对拆封的包装垃圾,很多消费者不知如何处理,大部分包装直接送进垃圾场填埋,也给环境造成较大的压力。

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