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30%提前退休是什么梗?延退前夜养老金负担加重

2017-05-06 09:36:28   

据记者了解,提前退休有的是基于企业的角度,比如,有些效益较差的国企希望以提前退休“甩包袱”,千方百计让职工提前退休,减少工资和保险福利等支出,从而实现减员增效的目的,这在一定程度上助长了提前退休之风。除此之外,还有基于个人的角度,有些人出于自身经济利益考虑,希望能从效益差的企业里“脱身”,还有一些人,即便单位的效益很好,依然希望脱离体制的束缚。

为此,尽管中央对提前退休原则做了规定,到了一些地方,在错综复杂的利益关系下,就变成了有条件的提前退休,没条件的找关系、创造条件也要提前退休的现象。

已经提前退休多年的水利局员工王永福接受《华夏时报(公众号:chinatimes)》记者采访时表示,当年没退休的时候,每月的收入不过4000多元,提前退休后的养老金虽然只有3000元左右,但有个单位返聘了他,每月的工资也有2500元,“关键是自由了,同时,随着基本养老金多年的连涨,我的养老金已经远远超过当时在职员工的工资。”王永福称,当年提前退休的名额只有两个。

近年来,基本养老金连续上调,甚至已经出现养老金高于在职工资的“倒挂”现象,而这,也是在职人员一窝蜂地千方百计去争取提前退休的主要原因之一。

  加重养老基金负担

提前退休,在一些地方和单位比例较高,且多有不合规之处,这带来诸多矛盾,变相加重了养老金负担。

“保障符合条件的职工提前退休十分必要,但在我国老龄化程度日益加重,养老金负担居高不下的大背景下,亟待堵住违规提前退休的口子,因为提前退休现象普遍存在,就意味着大量职工要提前领取退休金,这将大大增加养老金负担。”董登新表示,不管是哪种形式的提前退休,都无形中使得社保缴费不完整甚至是不充足,对社保基金积累受到影响。

曾经有一项关于提前退休的民调显示,从单位性质来讲,提前退休和离岗现象多发的单位依次是:行政单位(51.9%)、事业单位(25.1%)、国企(19.8%)、私企(1.6%)、外企(0.5%)。

“机关事业单位人员提前退休主要影响的是职业年金和基本养老保险基金,基本养老保险没有并轨之前,机关事业单位人员工作年限只要达到30年,养老金大都是按照在职工资的80%计发,待遇还是相对较高的;但改革后,养老金则由基本养老金和职业年金组成,养老金的不确定性增加了。”5月4日,中国养老金融50人论坛特邀成员孙博接受《华夏时报(公众号:chinatimes)》记者采访时表示,机关事业单位的养老基金属于独立运行,因此,短期来看,对大的基本养老金盘子影响不大,但通过修改年龄等行为提前退休,缴费的人少了,领养老金的人多了,长期来看,依然会加重基本养老金负担。

人社部门统计显示,我国居民实际退休年龄远低于法定退休年龄,领取养老金的平均年龄仅为53岁。显而易见,提前退休加剧了基金收支的不平衡,不堵住提前退休的口子,后面的延迟退休年龄又谈何容易。

董登新也表示,要规范这类提前退休的不正常现象,按照国家法律法规,严格执行提前退休的审批监管,减少资金流失,同时,在“增收节流”的基础上,防止骗保、犯罪、腐败等行为的滋生。

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