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媒体:养老金个人账户空账4.7万亿 老了能领到吗?

2017-04-26 21:16:53   财经网

从国际经验来看,当出现养老金收不抵支的情况时,存在至少两种办法,一个是提高退休年龄,一个是降低基本养老保障水平。

今年的政府工作报告指出,2017年将继续提高基本养老金标准,所以暂时不会采用第二种方法。但延迟退休年龄的政策目前正在商讨中。有研究显示,退休年龄每延迟一年,养老金可增长40亿元,减少160亿元支出,减缓200亿元缺口。

2016年7月,人社部新闻发言人李忠介绍,延迟退休政策,将分三步走:一是在实施上会小步慢行、逐步到位。比如每年往上调几个月。二是区分对待,分步实施。比如会选取现在退休年龄相对较低的部分岗位开始。三是会做及时公告,也会在方案出台前广泛地听取和征集意见。

目前我国法定的职工退休年龄不同:男性年满60周岁,女工人年满50周岁,女干部年满55周岁。那么,中国职工的退休年龄究竟会延长到多少岁?

虽然人社部暂未对外公布具体的方案,但人社部部长尹蔚民曾明确说:“参加企业职工养老保险的退休人员是8000多万,平均退休年龄不到55岁。显然是不合理的,世界上大多数国家退休年龄在65岁左右。”

此外,基本养老保险入市也被认为一个方法。一方面可以提升养老保险基金收益率,另一方面,能够缓解个人账户“空账”缺口。

我国的基本养老保险入市进程大致从2011年开始,2015年,出台了《基本养老保险基金投资管理办法》。截至今年3月底,已有7个省级地区与全国社保基金理事会签订了合同,涉及基金3600多亿元。其中北京、上海、河南等7省市的1370亿元资金已经到账并开始投资。

近日,人社部新闻发言人卢爱红再次重申:养老保险基金是广大退休人员的养命钱,在整个投资运营过程中,将把基金安全放在首位,加强监管,防范投资风险。根据相关规定,基本养老金投资股票和股票型基金的比例可以达到30%。

进入21世纪之后,随着日本老龄化的日益严重,日本的养老产业也随之水涨船高。专家表示,中国和日本在工业化发展进程上比较相似,日本的养老体系发展的经验和教训还是有很多值得中国借鉴的地方。

有观点认为,养老体系应该包括公助、互助、自助三个方面,即政府、社会、家庭和个人都应该承担相应的责任。首先,政府应当做好制度设计,构建一个上述三者可以有机结合的养老体系。在家庭方面,中国应当借鉴日本的教训,不能让传统家庭模式完全解体,尽量保留家庭的抚幼养老的功能。

作为普通人该如何面对养老金可能出现缺口的情况?最有效的方法,就是努力工作,多攒钱,然后把钱换成合适的资产退休后再花。业内人士指出,虽然个人无法动用基础养老金,但可以通过购买商业养老保险来保证“老有所养”,而养老险的种类,一般有传统型、分红型、和万能型几种。此外,还有一些企业有企业年金制度,企业方面也会通过投资等方式,实现相应的保值增值。

当我们老了,养老金能足额发放吗?并不好说,还要看相关政策的落实情况。

责任编辑:曲格林 CN064
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