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学者:我国国企改革需要有进有退科学定位
2017-04-24 01:45:56 经济参考报
促进民营经济发展
保持经济发展动力
从20世纪90年代开始,就有国有企业“抓大放小”和垄断行业“主辅分离”的改革和相应的国有资产退出。目前的国企改革,可以吸取那时的经验和教训,结合现在的情况有所创新,因为现在的资本市场等方面的条件与当时有了很大不同。现在的企业国有资产,依据企业性质(独资、控股或参股)的不同可以在资本市场交易等。当时的问题主要出在“管理层收购”,现在应该不允许这种方式。在国企改革的过程中,既要避免一些有某种权力或便利或“关系”的人借机发国有资产“退出财”,又要服从市场定价原则和损失最小化原则,正确理解“国有资产流失”。有些地方尝试把一部分企业国有资产所有权直接划转到社保基金理事会,这笔资产没有进入社保基金,只是分红收益进入基金,由理事会和国资委分别派代表国有资产的董事进入经营性企业。笔者以为,如果把部分国有资产出让后所得资金直接入社保基金,是合理和可取的,是真正一举两得的改革。
我们要从保增长动力、防资本外流和提高国有经济效率和控制力等多维度认识国企改革的战略意义。
向改革要红利、要增长的动力,实际上很大程度上是通过国有企业的改革和国有经济的结构调整来获得。1988年以前的改革是增量改革,即允许私有经济发展和国有企业的承包制为主的改革推动经济增长的,1989年至1991年增长速度下滑与民营经济增长乏力相关。1992年开始,又是通过国有企业抓大放小、垄断行业主辅分离、推动现代企业制度建设,使得民营经济获得巨大空间而推动经济获得长期高速增长的。2008年危机以来,前几年靠着各级政府的投资支撑,使得经济保持了几年继续增长,使得危机滞后了几年出现。目前的经济增长速度下滑固然与世界性危机和中国经济进入新常态有关,但是,与近十年来民营经济发展空间缩小、没有获得应有的扩大有关,尤其是近几年民营资本投资积极性明显下降有关。因此,给予民营资本发展的空间和积极促进民营经济的发展是保持经济持续增长的重要动力。(作者系山东大学经济研究院院长)
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