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环保部门曝光“2016年度十大雾霾谣言”

2016-12-31 00:20:40   

谣言七:北京空气质量在逐步恶化?

有人认为,现在雾霾频发,北京的空气质量不是在好转而是在恶化。

真相:根据环境保护部监测数据,截至12月27日,2016年北京市PM2.5平均浓度为72微克/立方米,同比下降10.0%(下降8微克/立方米),比2013年下降20%(下降18微克/立方米)。联合国环境规划署今年发布的《北京空气污染治理历程:1998-2013年》评估报告显示:1998至2013年,北京二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10) 的年均浓度分别显著下降了78%、24%和43%,15年间北京的空气质量得到了持续改善。北京市环保局发布的官方数据显示,2015年与2013年相比,北京的二氧化氮下降了4.7%、可吸入颗粒物下降了6.1%,PM2.5下降了10%左右。此外,美国NASA等国际机构的监测数据也支持北京空气质量持续改善的趋势。

谣言八:雾霾只能等风来,重污染应急措施没什么用?

有种观点认为,北京的雾霾只能等风来,重污染期间花费这么大力气实施的各项措施,也没发挥作用把雾霾赶走。

真相:重污染应急的作用是通过一定的应急减排措施,尽可能地减少污染物排放,降低污染物累积程度,从而最大限度地保障公众身体健康。经专业测算,今年红警期间,采取应急减排措施比不采取措施,PM2.5降低了23%左右,其他污染物平均降低了30%左右。雾霾的产生是一定气象条件下,人类生产生活排放的污染物超出环境容量所致。只有通过相应的治理措施把污染物排放强度降下来,才能从根本上解决空气污染问题,而这需要一个长期的过程。(法晚微信公号ID:fzwb_52165216)

谣言九:北京因雾霾严重污染,空气中含抗生素耐药性细菌。

2016年11月23日,瑞典哥德堡大学抗生素耐药性研究中心四位学者在研究中提到,“从北京雾霾中检测出抗生素耐药性基因”。随后国内部分微信公众号发表题为《呼吸的痛!北京等地雾霾中发现耐药菌》《北京雾霾中含有耐药菌60余种将导致药物失去作用》等文章。11月24日,有媒体发布题为《北京雾霾中发现有耐药菌,“人类最后的抗生素”对它束手无策》的新闻,该新闻在25日被大量媒体、自媒体转载和评论。

真相:北京市卫计委回应称,细菌的耐药性和致病性是完全不同的概念,耐药性的增加不意味着致病性的增强。国内外多位专家表示,细菌耐药与雾霾无关,雾霾不产生耐药基因,雾霾与耐药菌无必然的因果联系。细菌耐药性的获得是由于进化选择和抗生素等诱导选择引起,并非由雾霾引起。雾霾中的危害因子主要为化学污染物,对呼吸系统、心血管系统等存在不利健康影响,微生物引起的健康风险很小。

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