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环保部门曝光“2016年度十大雾霾谣言”

2016-12-31 00:20:40   

谣言四:风电站、防护林阻挡大风导致雾霾

有人认为,内蒙古建设了大量风电站偷走了北京大风,三北防护林使北方风力衰减,导致雾霾无法被吹散。

真相:风碰到障碍物绕流是可以恢复的,局部风力发电或局部防护林不会对距离较远的下游风力造成影响,雾、霾形成的根本原因还是因为地面污染物碰上大气静稳条件。目前没有任何的科学研究显示风电场或防护林与雾霾的形成有因果关系。(法晚微信公号ID:fzwb_52165216)

谣言五:雾霾不散是因为“核污染”。

据传,内蒙古鄂尔多斯地下发现大规模铀煤资源,通过燃烧,煤炭中的铀进入到空气中,这是目前国内大范围雾霾的原因。

真相:雾霾难散主要影响因素为气象条件。铀元素本身是很重的元素,不容易被氧化,不会变成粉尘;而且电厂对排放物都会进行除尘、脱硫脱硝,就是真的有,也应该是留在燃烧残渣里,进入空气中是很微量的。

谣言六:“煤改气”加剧北京空气污染?

一篇《天然气锅炉排烟是加剧京城灰霾天气的重要原因》的文章表示,天然气锅炉排烟是造成北京地区“丰富水汽”的主要来源,是加剧灰霾空气的“帮凶”,称北京发展天然气是双刃剑,既有清洁能源的一面,又有排放水汽的负面影响和氮氧化物的污染。

真相:中科院大气物理所研究员王自发表示,按照我国当前的天然气消耗量计算,每年燃烧天然气产生的气态水在3亿吨左右,假如全部转化成液态水(但实际上不可能全部转化为液态水),平摊在全国人口集中的东部地区(估算面积约360万平方公里),液态水的厚度连0.1毫米/年都不到,仅占大气中可降水量的几十万分之一,影响微乎其微。所以说,“煤改气”不会显著增加北京市大气中的湿度,不是北京地区“丰富水汽”主要来源。

南开大学冯银厂教授表示,无论是燃煤、燃气还是燃油,都会排放氮氧化物。“煤改气”是否会导致氮氧化物的升高,主要取决于改气之前煤炭的燃烧方式和煤炭品质、改气之后采取的燃烧技术等因素。如果采用了低氮燃烧技术,氮氧化物的排放量就会降低。我国脱硝比脱硫起步晚,近年来大气环境中的氮氧化物浓度下降并不像二氧化硫那么显著。氮氧化物浓度的增加可能会造成二次污染,但这是可控的。而且污染成因和机理非常复杂,不能因为氮氧化物浓度没有明显下降,颗粒物污染依然严重,就说是“煤改气”造成的,这是不科学的。

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