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我国首提建航天强国 2020年左右发射火星探测器

2016-12-28 01:25:41   

现在谈移民火星还不现实

探测火星,是否为未来移民火星作准备?焦维新认为,现在谈火星的地球化还是个遥远的过程,至少是800到1000年以后的事情,现在谈这个话题还为时尚早,并不现实。但随着技术发展,可以为载人探测火星作技术准备,世界上,这个目标时间大概是2040年。

焦维新认为,虽然现在的地球受到了破坏,但对于人类生存,相比其他星球还是更适合。不管怎么改造火星,比如加热让火星地下融化有水、改造火星大气层等等想法,在有些方面还是很难做到,火星磁场很弱,无法阻挡强大的辐射,这一点人类无能为力,不可能制造强大的磁场。

“虽然不赞成现在提移民火星说法,但可以建造火星基地,像南极北极基地一样,人类驻扎一段时间进行深入研究。”焦维新说。

火星探测旅程要飞8个月

焦维新介绍说,早在上世纪60年代,美国就发射了火星探测器。原来人们在地球上观测到的火星有“沟渠”,以为火星上有运河,既然有人工开凿的运河,就可能有人类存在,因此那个时期围绕火星人的科幻故事特别多。后来探测器发现并不是运河,火星的科幻也改了方向。到目前为止,欧空局、俄罗斯都发射过火星探测器,印度虽然发射了探测器,但在科学上没有突出成果。日本也发射过,但是失败了,探测器并没有被火星捕获。

焦维新指出,我国的火星探测计划要实现“绕、落、巡”,就需要同时发射轨道器和火星车,这在世界上是前所未有的。其他国家都是单独发射轨道器或者火星车。

漫漫火星旅程,探测器要走多远?焦维新说,一般来说,从地球出发,探测器要经过七八个月的时间抵达火星。

成功探测存在三大难关

焦维新说,成功探测存在三大难点。一是选择合适的发射窗口,探测火星每26个月有一次机会,我们选择2020年就是比较合适的发射窗口。二是探测器切入到火星轨道。探测器的飞行速度很高,到火星时大概是每秒3公里,但是火星引力小,速度控制至关重要,否则要么撞上火星,要么掠过火星飞走了。探测火星距离地球遥远,飞行控制是个难题,环绕火星的探测器飞到火星背面,收不到探测器的信号,只有飞过火星阴影才能收到信号。美国专家曾说过,探测器飞到火星背面,就好比在产房外面等待妻子分娩,非常紧张。第三大难题是火星车进入火星大气层,减速、下降、着陆的整个过程。焦维新说,欧空局两次发射火星车失败,都是在这个环节。北京晨报记者韩娜

责任编辑:马少騄 CN061
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