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今夜起北京空气污染将逐步缓解

2016-12-21 04:45:26   

公安部表示,各地要加强岗前安全防护检查提示,确保安全防护装备佩戴齐全、安全防护措施落实到位。执勤执法时要按照规定穿着反光背心,佩戴肩闪灯和发光指挥棒,加快配置保暖、醒目的新式风雨衣。执勤警车要配备足够数量的反光或者发光锥筒、停车示意牌、警戒带,雾天驾驶警用车辆要按规定开启前照灯、示廓灯、后位灯、雾灯和危险报警闪光灯。确因工作需要设点执勤的,要按规定设置执勤点。

  □解读

1内蒙古陕晋污染系雾霾主因?

中国环境科学研究院研究员柴发合:

大量的观测分析和模式研究都表明,京津冀大气重污染主要是本地积累加上外地传输导致的。其中,京津冀三地自身的排放量大是最主要因素,对PM2.5污染的贡献为70%左右。

京津冀区域国土面积虽然只占全国2%,但2014年常住人口占全国8%,煤炭消费占全国9.2%,单位面积SO2、NOX、烟粉尘排放量分别约为全国平均水平的3倍、4倍和5倍。

冬季采暖期间,京津冀主要城市的SO2日排放量比年均水平增加近一倍,一次PM2.5增加50%左右,NOX和PM10增加20%左右,VOCs增加10%左右。故冬季采暖期间京津冀本地污染物排放强度大,是重污染天气高发的根本原因。

周边省市的区域传输对京津冀PM2.5污染的贡献约占30%左右。其中影响最大的是山东、河南,山西、内蒙古和陕西也有一定“贡献”,但不是主要原因。

  2抗击雾霾主要靠风等天帮忙?

清华大学教授王书肖:

污染的产生不是一时一日,污染的治理也难一蹴而就。京津冀区域正处在工业化和后工业化过程叠加的时期,燃煤、工业、机动车和居民生活排放量都处于高位,大气污染防治任务还很艰巨。目前京津冀区域的污染治理处于第二阶段,即污染的发生发展受自然边界条件的影响显著,比如风速、湿度、边界层高度等这些气象条件的影响。特别是在冬季采暖期间污染物排放强度大的情况下,这个表现就更加突出,一旦气象条件不利,就可能形成重污染。

但京津冀本地污染物排放强度大,还是重污染天气高发的根本原因。要彻底改善环境空气质量,必须坚持不懈地扎实推进污染物减排工作,天不帮忙的时候,人就要更加努力。

 3治理污染为何拿机动车开刀?

北京工业大学教授程水源:

根据北京市大气PM2.5污染源解析结果,在PM2.5本地污染源贡献中,机动车排放占比31.1%,燃煤占22.4%,工业生产占18.1%,扬尘占14.3%。可以看出,机动车排放占比最高,对其重点控制是十分必要的。

但控制机动车排放仅仅是治理污染的一个环节,北京市还实施了很多其他重要措施,包括大力压减燃煤、民用散煤清洁化和“散小乱污”企业的淘汰治理、建筑施工扬尘管控等。

京津冀及周边地区各省市针对大气PM2.5污染治理,全面深入落实《大气污染防治行动计划》,均实施了大气污染防治强化措施,减少燃煤、特别是冬季散煤使用量,提高工业企业治污效率,推进车油一体清洁化和农村生物质清洁利用,降低燃煤、工业、机动车和居民生活的污染物排放,取得了积极成效。

京华时报记者贾婷张思佳袁国礼

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