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揭秘神十一返回舱主着陆场医疗救护保障(图)

2016-11-20 18:05:36   新华通讯社

医疗队守护航天员出舱

苦练技能,追求尽善尽美、万无一失

从神舟五号载人航天试验任务开始,这支医疗队就开始承担航天员返回的医疗救护任务。按理说,他们的保障处置方案已非常成熟,可每次面对新的航天员返回医疗救护任务时,他们都要全面审核和完善处置预案,都要从严从实从新把所有处置方案训练演练得熟而又熟。

医疗救护队副队长娄晓同说:“神舟系列载人飞船已经过多次试验,各系统的保障工作都非常细致,航天员受伤的可能性极小。不过,只要存在0.01%的可能,我们也必须做100%的准备。”根据神舟十一号任务安全风险评估,医疗救护队又对处置预案方案进行了更新补充,形成了包括《航天员低温条件下医疗救护实施预案》等12种预案处置体系。

曾参加过神九、神十医疗救护任务的普通外科主任杨鹤鸣介绍,针对神舟十一号任务的时间和航天员的特点,航天员可能出现的医学问题主要有空间运动病、心脑血管病症、感染性病症、各种疼痛以及发生概率很低的烧伤、急腹症等医学急症,飞船返回段和着陆后,工况异常情况下航天员有可能发生着陆冲击损伤、体力消耗过大、疲劳过度等,“医学急救领域有‘白金10分钟,黄金1小时’的说法,万一出现紧急情况,我们必须争分夺秒,确保航天员的生命安全。”

针对神舟十一号任务首次冬季返回的特点,为保证低温条件下能顺利安全的为航天员实施救治,他们必须确保设备温度不低于5摄氏度,静脉输液不低于15摄氏度。为测试设备和液体加温保温效果,医疗队吴洁护士长在零下18摄氏度的冬夜进行户外实测,采集每小时温度变化数据,绘制温度变化曲线,与队员一起不断研究改进增温保温措施,直至达到最佳效果。

四子王旗冬季恶劣的气候环境给医疗救护工作带来了不小的挑战。气温低怎么办?李鲁坚持每天带领队员们进行耐寒训练。一个大雪过后的清晨,他和队员们徒步20公里,在深没脚面的雪山上爬到海拔2200米的最高峰;冬季晚上来得早,微光环境怎么办?眼科护士长王媛苦练微光注射和“盲扎”技术,医疗队每名队员都成了她练手的“模特”。

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