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河南多家医院“沦陷”腐败窝案:回扣高达30%

2016-11-17 12:33:18   新华网

河南省卫生厅纠风办主任张勇告诉记者,设备捆绑试剂、耗材,是医药行业多年存在的行业潜规则。从医院方面讲,省了买设备的资金;从供货商讲,用一台设备敲开医院的大门,一劳永逸。

据记者调查,这个潜规则中,最大的获益者是供货商,其次是贪污腐败的个人。公办医院作为国有事业单位,按照规定,采购医疗设备要经过招投标程序。但医院与供货商签定的免费投放设备捆绑耗材的合同,规避了这一制度设置。

业内人士表示,这种表面看起来为医院省设备钱的做法,却因后期耗材的不可替代性,让医院失去了选择其他物美价廉耗材的机会,以成本增加的方式进行利益输送,造成国有资产变相流失,患者也不得不承担医院转嫁的高额医疗费用负担。

侦办案件的唐河县检察官发现,因专业性较强,医院一般将设备引进和耗材选用权交给需要使用的科室,科室主任或副主任就有了话语权。只要试剂和耗材在国家或地方药品耗材集中采购目录中,就可以任意选择品牌和供应商,只要价格不超过目录的最高限价即可。

一位医药供货商说,医院一旦使用设备,他们就能通过长期的回扣捆绑医院和科室领导。如果医院中止使用其提供的试剂和耗材,就要支付前期高昂的设备使用费。同时,一些设备有先进的程序设置,一旦更换试剂、耗材将自动锁死“停摆”。

完善招标采购制度 避免“钓鱼式捐赠”

1993年12月1日起施行的反不正当竞争法第八条第一款规定:“经营者不得采用财物或者其他手段进行贿赂以销售或者购买商品。在帐外暗中给予对方单位或者个人回扣的,以行贿论处;对方单位或者个人在帐外暗中收受回扣的,以受贿论处。”

此后,国家工商总局、商务部、卫生部等部门多次出台规定,开展专项活动,治理商业贿赂行为和涉医疗领域的腐败。

但据记者了解,附着在医疗设备上的试剂、耗材腐败仍屡禁不止。2016年2月至4月,河南省委第十巡视组对河南省卫生计生委进行专项巡视时,“医药购销运行机制与有关法律相悖,权力寻租空间大”“招采分离,造成双重寻租问题”“医用耗材使用存在‘硕鼠’现象”等问题,都写进了巡视组的反馈意见。

业内人士认为,这些问题屡禁不止的主要原因是缺乏完备的制度设计。目前我国主要通过出台目录对医院使用的设备和耗材进行品牌准入和最高限价,但从目录中选择哪个品牌、以哪种价格进入医院,最终的决定权全部掌握在医院甚至个别科室、个别人手中。

由于医院众多,采买活动频繁,结算系统由各家医院自己掌握,相关部门监督乏力,以致虽三令五申,下面依然暗流涌动。

此外,有业内人士认为,现在的医院按企业化方式运营也是这种现象大量存在的原因之一。一些医院给科室下达经营指标,科室再下达到每个医生头上,为完成指标,卖高价药、过度检查、小病大治等成为医院常用的手段。

相关人士建议,要明令禁止以捐赠、投放、借用检查检验设备的名义规避试剂、耗材招标采购,形成垄断事实;禁止以任何曲线方式、任何名义定向采购,禁止合作合资购买设备或设备入股等方式,产生变相行贿受贿行为。

河南省卫生厅纠风办主任张勇认为,对附着在医疗设备上的试剂、耗材腐败,必须从顶层入手,制订完善的制度。河南省已出台《关于深入推进医药购销领域专项治理规范医疗设备捐赠问题的通知》,对医疗机构接受医疗设备捐赠作出明确规定,所有医疗机构现行使用的捐赠、投放、借用的检查检验设备,要重新挂网公开进行试剂、耗材招标采购,禁止定向招标,避免“钓鱼式捐赠”。

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