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长征五号首飞成功 未来将承担探月探火任务

2016-11-04 05:02:08   京华时报

长征二号先后有长征二号C、长征二号D、长征二号E、长征二号F等改进型。其中,长征二号F运载火箭是我国第一个载人运载火箭,1999年首飞成功,2003年10月15日,长征二号F运载火箭将神舟五号飞船送入太空。我国成为世界上第三个掌握载人航天技术的国家。

长征三号运载火箭是在长二基础上于1984年研制成功的,增加了第三级低温高能液氢液氧发动机。为了适应通信卫星容量和重量不断增大和变化的要求,此后我国相继研制出长三甲、长三乙、长三丙三种运载火箭,被称为“长三甲”系列,不仅拓展了我国火箭使用范围,也成功打入了国际市场。

2007年10月24日,长征三号甲运载火箭成功将中国首颗月球探测卫星嫦娥一号送入预定轨道。2013年12月2日,长征三号乙运载火箭将嫦娥三号探测器成功送入太空。之后,嫦娥三号探测器圆满实现月面软着陆,玉兔号月球车实现月面巡视勘察,我国成为世界上第三个成功实现航天器地外天体软着陆的国家。

2016年6月25日,我国新一代中型运载火箭长征七号在中国文昌航天发射场首飞成功。这是长征系列运载火箭的第230次飞行。作为我国新一代高可靠、高安全、无毒、无污染的中型运载火箭,长征七号近地轨道运载能力达到13.5吨,比大家熟悉的长征二号F提高了近60%。长七首飞,是中国以建设空间站为目标的空间实验室任务第一次发射,标志着中国载人航天工程空间实验室任务顺利开启。

昨天,长征五号成功首飞,这意味着“长征火箭家族”面向太空的长征又踏出了新的一步。

 □看世界

  全球“大火箭”

阿丽亚娜5型火箭 欧洲生产的大推力运载火箭,于1996年首次试验发射,1999年正式投入商业发射。火箭长50.5米,直径5.4米,可将10吨载荷运至地球同步转移轨道,近地轨道运载能力可达20吨。

安加拉5型火箭 俄罗斯的大型运载火箭,于2014年首次发射成功。火箭长55米,最大总重750吨以上,近地轨道运力近25吨,地球同步转移轨道运力最大可达7吨以上。

宇宙神5型火箭 是美国军方航天发射采用的主要火箭之一,可实施相对小质量载荷的近地轨道与地球同步转移轨道级别发射任务,其地球同步转移轨道运力为8.9吨,近地轨道运力为18.85吨。

德尔塔4型火箭 本世纪初美国低成本火箭研究计划的第一个产物,是具有11吨至25吨近地轨道运力的中型大推力火箭。

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