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城乡社保并轨多地试点启动 标准向城镇居民看齐

2016-10-22 11:32:28   华夏时报

“这个制度设计就是没有考虑城乡居民养老保险的缴费年限,这中间的衔接确有欠考量的部分。”余清泉表示,今后,参加城镇职工保险的固定就业群体会越来越少,自由职业将会逐渐增多,这部分群体的社保缴纳与其他社保制度的衔接同样是个问题。需要强调的是,制度的并轨并非是传统意义上的标准的统一。

就现有的城乡二元社会保障制度来看,进城务工人员的社会保障,与城市社保、农村社保均难以完全接轨,如果让其加入城市社保体系,相对高昂的参保成本以及相对固化的制度安排使其主观和客观上都不愿意参保;同时,离开城市后城乡社保之间的衔接难度同样使得他们宁愿选择“弃保”这一做法。

制度衔接向城镇靠拢

制度分割、分立和分离是当前我国社会保障体系的主要缺陷之一,很多相关问题均由此而生。不过,随着新型城镇化的推进,相关部门也意识到了问题的严重性,并且就此确定了新的目标任务。

今年4月份,在“展望十三五”系列报告会第五场报告会上,人社部副部长、国家公务员局局长信长星曾明确表示,“十二五”时期,社会保障各项重大改革不断取得突破,体制机制进一步完善,统筹城乡的社会保障体系框架全面建立,“十三五”时期,随着经济发展进入新常态,以及城镇化、老龄化加速等,社会保障制度的公平性和可持续性更受关注。

也就是说,“十二五”时期我国建立了统筹城乡的社会保障体系框架,但制度之间的转移衔接依然存在很多问题,这将是“十三五”时期重中之重的任务。

那么,具体而言,制度又该如何衔接?

“新城镇化,一定是将社保向城镇衔接,当村民转为市民,如果衔接之时已年满60岁,那么直接享受城镇居民的相关社保,如果尚未到退休年龄,那么,需要个人按照城镇标准缴纳社保至退休年龄,目前各地都在做实验。”李强表示,这样制度并轨需要大量的财政支持,比如北京,压力相对较小,城乡社保体制的并轨相对容易,但很多经济不发达的地区操作起来很难。

也就是说,城乡社保制度一旦全面并轨,已年满60岁的老人是最直接的受益者,不用缴纳任何费用则直接享受城镇的相关社保制度。而也恰恰是这个原因,李强所在学院曾就“市民化后是否愿意放弃农村土地”的问题做过一期调研,调研结果竟然与此前预期大相径庭。

很多人以为,关于是否放弃土地问题,年轻人或许愿意但老年人一定不愿意,但是,调研结果恰恰相反。

“大部分老年人都愿意,因为,老年人到了60岁可以马上享受到城市的基本保障,但对于一个20岁的农民而言,还需要缴纳40年的社保才能拿到相应的保障,认为需要付出的成本太高。”李强表示,通过调查显示,85%的农民工不打算回乡务农。

土地是最放心的“社会保险”,这种观念在农村、在农民心中已根深蒂固,怎样保护农民以及他们的财产权益?城乡要素要怎么交换?这都将是推进新城镇化的过程中需要重要考量的方面。

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