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军报驳长征虚无主义:有些人恶意剪裁历史 丑化领袖
2016-09-19 09:36:29 中国军网 作者:卢毅
认为蒋介石为红军长征“放水”。这几年,有人强调蒋介石为了统一西南,将之建成抗战的大后方,故意放红军突围,并驱赶其进入云贵川,然后中央军趁机尾随而入。如蒋纬国在其口述自传中说:“当时与其说是没有包围成功而被中共突围,不如说是我们放水。”他还评论:“以当时的情况来说,这是一个非常成功的政治战略,我们随着共军进入云贵川,使中国达成真正的统一。”海外一位女作者说:“毫无疑问,蒋介石有意放走了红军主力、中共中央与毛泽东”,“蒋介石此时的战略计划是把四川建成将来对日本作战的大后方,即他所说的‘复兴民族之根据地’”。她甚至径直断言:“蒋介石放走红军还有一个更秘密的纯私人动机:他要斯大林释放在苏联做人质九年的儿子经国。”
不难看出,这种观点一方面是为蒋介石“追剿”失败辩解,另一方面的潜台词则是认为红军长征之所以能成功,是由于蒋介石故意“放水”。这就贬低了红军的英勇善战和毛泽东的军事指挥。事实上,这一观点根本不能成立。试想,如果蒋介石有意“放水”红军去西南,他为何在西去路上部署多道封锁线,红军又为何会在湘江一战中损失过半?如果蒋介石有意驱赶红军去四川,红军为何会北渡长江受阻,不得不四渡赤水,费尽周折地在敌人包围圈中来回穿梭?如果蒋介石有意放走红军,他又为何不断严令部下加紧追剿,并在日记中屡屡对未能“一网打尽”红军表示懊恼?显而易见,蒋介石“放水”长征说是一种牵强附会之臆测。
否认遵义会议开始形成了毛泽东在红军和党中央中的领导地位。1945年党的六届七中全会通过的《关于若干历史问题的决议》提出,遵义会议“开始了以毛泽东同志为首的中央的新的领导”。1981年党的十一届六中全会通过的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》,进一步明确遵义会议“确立了毛泽东同志在红军和党中央的领导地位”。但近年来有人质疑这个提法,认为遵义会议后在党内负总责的是张闻天,军事上是周恩来,毛泽东只是周恩来的帮助者。因此“遵义会议并没有确立毛泽东对全党全军的领导,确立的是以张闻天为首的党中央的集体领导”,“确立起毛泽东在中央和党内的领导地位,起码也是三四年以后的事,遵义会议连开始过渡都谈不上”。
这种说法显然不符合史实。遵义会议后,张闻天虽在党内负总责,但他很民主,特别尊重毛泽东的意见;而且他不懂军事,也就基本不插手军事。周恩来虽然是军事方面下最后决心的负责者,但也很尊重毛泽东的意见,如在是否打打鼓新场的争论中,他最后还是听从了毛泽东的意见。经过这件事,中央决定成立“新三人团”负责军事,由周恩来、毛泽东、王稼祥组成,其实毛泽东是核心。包括林彪后来对毛泽东的指挥有意见,写信给中央要求撤换军事领导,闹出一场会理会议风波,这也说明毛泽东当时已是红军的实际领导者。稍后陈云离开红军去莫斯科,他在向共产国际汇报情况时也说:遵义会议上,“我们撤换了‘靠铅笔指挥的战略家’,推选毛泽东同志担任领导。”这同样是指实际领导。另据张国焘回忆,一、四方面军会师后,张闻天对他说:遵义会议后,“中共中央主要考虑的都是军事行动问题,大家都推重毛泽东主持其事”。以上材料都表明,遵义会议开始形成了毛泽东的领导地位这一观点是毋庸置疑的。
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