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揭秘三峡升船机建设:创造多项“世界之最”(图)

2016-09-19 06:15:55   新华社

7月25日,船舶停靠在三峡五级船闸前等待进闸。(郑家裕摄)新华社发

2003年6月投运的三峡船闸可容纳万吨级船队,船舶通过船闸时,就像上下五级台阶,故有“大船爬楼梯”的比喻。而三峡升船机过船规模为3000吨级,船舶在承船厢里像乘垂直电梯一样在空中升降,故有“小船坐电梯”之说。

创造多项“世界之最”攻克诸多技术难题

三峡升船机的建设,创造了多项“世界之最”。

中国长江三峡集团公司机电工程局副局长、升船机项目部负责人吴小云此前接受新华社记者采访时说,三峡升船机为国内首次采用齿轮齿条爬升平衡重式垂直升船机,过船规模为3000吨级,最大提升总重量达1.55万吨,升船机承重塔柱高达146米,支撑着承船厢垂直升降最大高度113米。升船机上游通航水位变幅30米,下游通航变幅11.8米。

“三峡升船机具有提升高度大、提升重量大、上游通航水位变幅大和下游水位变化速率快的特点,是当今世界上技术难度和规模最大的升船机。”吴小云说。

从左至右为升船机的承船厢从上降下(拼版照片)。新华社记者程敏摄

三峡升船机的各项重要数据指标都大大超过现有世界水平。此前,世界最大垂直升船机位于比利时中央运河,其过船规模为1350吨级,提升总重量为8800吨,最大提升高度为73米。

1.55万吨的重量被抬升至百米高空,是否安全?中国工程院院士陆佑楣说,三峡升船机属于齿轮齿条爬升、长螺母柱短螺杆安全机构、全平衡垂直式升船机。这种形式比人们较为熟知的钢丝绳卷扬式提升方案更安全可靠。

进入承船厢的“长江三峡9号”游轮在进行固定(9月18日摄)。新华社记者程敏摄

勘察、论证、设计时间跨度高达60余年,三峡升船机的动工建设也经历了反复研讨。长江水利委员会三峡工程代表局提供的资料显示,三峡工程1994年正式开工,升船机却由于技术复杂等原因,1995年缓建。三峡建设者们经过反复论证和方案比选,2003年决定将原设计的钢丝绳卷扬提升方案改为现有方案以提高升船机安全可靠性。2007年,续建工程正式启动。

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