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院士:中国转基因技术世界第二 仅次于美国

2016-09-08 09:06:39   澎湃

会上,有记者问到,未来哪个品种最可能作为商业化的“突破口”,万建民表示,转基因抗除草剂大豆和抗虫玉米最有可能率先批准商业化种植,因为这两个品种有很大市场需求,同时产品相对成熟,具备国际竞争力。

转基因“福利”:造血、促减肥、降血压的水稻

公众听说最多的是各种抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂的作物,这些确实是转基因作物最常见的类别,但也有一些“福利产品”,它们的优点是消费者能直接感知到其益处。

万建民介绍了三种“特殊”的转基因水稻。首先是利用水稻生产出人血清白蛋白,这是武汉大学杨代常教授做的一项重要研究,该项研究是利用转基因水稻作为“生物反应器”生产出可供人类使用的人血清白蛋白,由于人血清白蛋白作为人工血浆替代物在医学上有广泛而重要的用途,因此该研究非常珍贵,该项目已具备了产业化的条件。

杨代常的论文“Large-scale production of functional human serum albumin from transgenic rice seeds”(利用转基因水稻规模化生产重组人血清白蛋白)于2011年10月31日在线发表于《美国科学院院报》,发表后受到国际广泛关注。

第二种是有利于减肥的转基因水稻,名为“高抗性淀粉转基因水稻”。简单来说,一般大米吃进去后,其淀粉成分会很快被消化吸收变成糖,而这种大米的淀粉不容易被酶解,最后只能排出来,它是糖尿病患者和减肥人士的福音。

此外,还有造福于高血压患者的转基因水稻,这是一种转ACEI基因水稻,能够让“血管紧张素转化酶抵制剂(ACEI)”在大米中特异性高效表达,从而起到在人体中促进血管扩张,抑制血压上升的作用。

中国转基因研究水平:水稻全球领先,其它正在追赶

有参会者关心,中国在转基因方面到底有没有核心技术和专利。万建民介绍说,在基因克隆与功能验证研究方面,中国已克隆了重要形状基因3160个,获得了具有重要育种应用价值的基因137个。也就是说,过去一直担心欧美垄断了基因专利,其实局面已经有了很大改变,中国也有自己的基因专利。

中国科学家在水稻功能基因组学及基因克隆研究方面处于国际领先,2014年到2015年全球发表的NCS论文有16篇,中国科学家占了11篇,玉米、小麦、大豆棉花功能基因等也步入了世界的前列。

总体而言,在转基因技术体系方面,中国上处于“世界第二”的水平,落后于美国,但高于日本、德国和英国等国家。

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