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养老金"入不敷出"省份翻倍 东三省全面"沦陷"

2016-08-15 03:38:09   每日经济新闻

报告披露,截至去年底全国28893万职工参保基本医疗保险,其中,参加职工医保的在职人数21362万,占参保总人数的73.9%,而退休人员总数为7531万,占比26.1%。去年医疗保险职工退休比(职工人数与退休人员人数之比)为2.84,连续第四年下降。

值得一提的是,这种不到3个人缴费为1个退休职工医疗费用买单的情况较为普遍,报告指出,24个省份的职工退休比低于全国平均水平。其中,排在31个省份最末尾的黑龙江的医保职工退休仅为比1.65。

一位业内专家此前在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时就指出,2014年城镇职工基本医疗保险结余5000多亿元,减去个人账户、趸缴等,剩下也就2000多亿元,不够支付两个月,远低于9个月以上的“安全线”。

杨燕绥称,从2015年情况看,相对于2012年,职工养老保险抚养比、医疗保险职工退休比下滑得非常快,2016年这种情况不可能改变,应该会更加严重。

8省市可支付月数在个位数

企业养老保险基金累计结余不断扩大,由2012年的2.3亿元增至2015年的3.4亿元,但可支付月数由2012年的19.7个月下降至2015年的17.7个月(可支付月数指基金累计结余除以每月养老金总支出得到的月数)。

其中,黑龙江、吉林、青海、河北、辽宁、陕西、天津、湖北8个省市可支付月数在10个月以下。

相对于可支付月数的缓慢下降而言,基金当期的入不敷出的现象更值得关注。

报告显示,去年黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、河北、陕西和青海共六省份的城镇企业职工养老保险基金当期“入不敷出”,而截至2014年底只有河北、黑龙江、宁夏三省份当期收不抵支。去年东北三省的养老金全面“沦陷”,黑龙江企业职工养老金收入比支出少183亿元,辽宁、吉林也收支相差105亿元、41亿元。

现在养老金面临两面受制,一边是降费率减少来源,一边是很多地方需要财政转移支付确保发放,杨燕绥认为,中国两年之内必须解决养老金制度的转型,包括:夯实中央统筹基础养老金,做大职业年金,管好个人账户。

杨燕绥说:“养老保险一定要进行制度转型,医疗保险一定要加强合理控费,这是根本问题。”

实际上,近年来,在社保制度调整的过程中,一些政策引起了社会的高度关注,比如渐进式延迟退休政策、职工医保退休人员缴费政策等。

虽然渐进式延迟退休政策的出台实施,人社部已经给出了较为明确的时间表,但是,职工医保退休人员缴费政策似乎并未有新的动作。

一位不愿署名的行业专家告诉《每日经济新闻》记者,实施延迟退休政策和职工医保退休人员缴费政策都是必然的,职工医保退休人员缴费政策会像延迟退休政策一样,现在先是探讨,探讨之后就会慢慢出政策,西方凡是执行医疗保险制度的国家,职工退休之后都是需要缴纳医保。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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