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调查:失能老人4000万 千万护工缺口如何补?

2016-07-21 11:02:01   新华网

养老护理人才流失严重

虽然养老服务人才缺口大,但我国养老服务教育并未形成完整的人才培养体系。养老服务相关专业以高职为主,中职和本科教育刚刚开始。中职高职衔接、职业教育与普通教育间衔接不畅。

养老护理相关专业的毕业生即使进入养老机构工作,岗位流失率也较高。据统计,从全国养老职业教育发展来看,学生到岗第一年的流失率可能达到30%,第二年50%,第三年70%甚至更高。

山东英才学院养老护理专业毕业生李子豪说,在他的50多名同学当中,刚毕业选择从事养老工作的有10人左右。目前,包括自己在内还有3人在养老机构工作。有些毕业后压根就不进入养老机构工作,也有些在工作一段时间选择转行。

不少民办养老机构亏损经营,无法用高工资吸引护工。中国老龄科学研究中心发布的《中国养老机构发展研究报告》显示,全国有利润盈余的养老机构比例只有19.4%。受访的业内人士普遍反映,养老行业是个投资回报特别慢的行业,六七年能回本就不错了,有不少坚持不到回本就关门了。

院校老年护理相关专业的毕业生自己不认可民营养老机构的工作。济南幸福家园老年公寓负责人吴金亮说,公寓里的护工工资每月3000多块钱,还交纳社会保险,这在当地同行中已经算不错的了。但护工仍然觉得社会地位低。

记者了解到,因为工作性质,不少护工平时不敢跟别人说自己的工作内容,护工吃饭的时候,常常被老人的大小便等各种状况打断,处理完常常也不想吃饭了。

多管齐下缓解护工荒

据中国社科院老年研究所测算,目前中国养老市场的商机约4万亿元,到2030年有望增至13万亿元。但前期投入高、利润低的产业特征让不少民资望而却步。今年3月,央行、民政部、银监会等五部门曾联合发文,拓宽养老服务业贷款抵押担保范围,并推动符合条件的养老服务企业上市融资。

国内一些省份已经出台政策支持民营养老机构发展。如浙江省已采取“一院一地一中心”模式,以招收养老相关专业的本科生为主,搭建中职、高职、本科学历教育“专业群”和贯通桥梁。山东省出台政策规定,对从事养老工作的本、专科和技工学院、高级技工毕业生,每人分别给予2万元、1.5万元的一次性从业补助。

业内人士建议,对养老服务人才分类、分层、分阶段培养,对专业护工和普通护工加以区别。对照料老人日常起居的护理人员,只需判断出老人潜在的风险,并及时向医疗护理人员求助即可,民政部门给予免费培训;对医疗护理人员需要经过专业的技能培训,通过继续教育、高职院校,提高医护水平。

工资待遇要让护工体会到职业认同感。专家建议,对一线护工给予一定的入职补贴。建立养老服务人才职称评聘制度,打通与其他相关行业的职称互认通道,吸引更多具有专业护理技能的院校毕业生进入到养老服务业。

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