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南海仲裁结果今日出炉 媒体连发六问质疑合法性

2016-07-12 02:42:10   新京报

再次,《公约》规定,如果当事方自行选择了其他方法解决有关争端,也不应提起强制仲裁,仲裁庭也没有管辖权。如前所述,中菲还达成了通过谈判方式解决在南海争端的协议,菲律宾无权单方面提请仲裁。

3 菲单方面提请仲裁违法吗?

菲律宾单方面提请仲裁违背国际法,而且是背信弃义。

第一,它违反了《南海各方行为宣言》精神。2002年,中国和东盟十国签署的《南海各方行为宣言》第四条明确指出,“由直接有关的主权国家通过友好磋商和谈判,以和平方式解决它们的领土和管辖权争议。”而菲律宾违反其在《宣言》中所作承诺。

第二,它违反了长期以来中国和菲律宾政府之间达成的谅解。这个谅解就是双方要通过友好协商来处理南海分歧。如2011年9月1日,时任菲总统阿基诺访华,中菲发表联合声明重申通过和平对话处理南海争议。

第三,它违反了《联合国海洋法公约》中的相关原则,即进行仲裁的前提,是必须穷尽所有的政治和外交手段,而实际上中菲之间在南海问题上曾保持着沟通。菲律宾事先没跟中国有任何沟通,就一纸诉状递到仲裁庭,这是别有用心。

4 仲裁案仲裁庭成员都有谁?

国际海洋法法庭时任庭长柳井俊二在接受菲律宾2013年1月强行提出的仲裁案后,于当年5月组成由五名专业人士组成的仲裁庭。根据仲裁庭书记处公布的消息,五人临时仲裁庭包括:托马斯·A·门萨(加纳)、让·皮埃尔·科特(法国)、斯坦尼斯瓦夫·帕夫拉克(波兰)、阿尔弗雷德·松斯(荷兰)、吕迪格·沃尔夫鲁姆(德国)。

菲律宾方面指派国际海洋法法庭现任法官、德国人吕迪格·沃尔夫鲁姆在仲裁庭中代表菲律宾;由于中方不参与仲裁,因此剩余4人均由柳井俊二指派。

现年79岁的柳井俊二在日本外交部门工作40多年,曾任日本外务省次官和驻美大使,2005年成为国际海洋法庭法官,2011年至2014年担任国际海洋法庭庭长。

柳井俊二被认为是日本右翼鹰派人物的代表,是日本首相安倍晋三的核心智囊,是日本推进修宪和加强美日军事同盟的法律推手。

5 美日为何支持南海仲裁案?

从2013年菲律宾单方面提起仲裁,美国就如影随形,实为别有用心。

首先,否定中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益。其次,把此次仲裁的效果做大,使其产生示范效应。西方不少媒体已在鼓动南海周边国家效仿此法,针对中国提出仲裁。其三,强化地区同盟关系。美菲已经以“共同应对中国威胁”为名加强军事合作,各取所需。美意欲进一步拉近与地区盟友的关系,将更多先进舰机部署到亚太地区,全面推行“亚太再平衡”战略,服务其利益和“地区主导权”,为围堵中国、牵制中国发展披上正义的外衣。

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