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2014年12月7日,中国政府发表关于菲律宾所提南海仲裁案管辖权问题的立场文件,全面系统阐述中国不接受、不参与仲裁以及仲裁庭对本案明显没有管辖权的立场和理据,未来裁决结果作出后,也将不承认、不执行。
2菲律宾提起仲裁理亏在何处?
第 一,它违反了《南海各方行为宣言》精神。2002年,中国和东盟十国签署的《南海各方行为宣言》第四条明确指出,“由直接有关的主权国家通过友好磋商和谈 判,以和平方式解决它们的领土和管辖权争议。”而菲律宾违反其在《宣言》中所作承诺。第二,它违反了长期以来中国和菲律宾政府之间达成的谅解。这个谅解就 是双方要通过友好协商来处理南海分歧。第三,它违反了《联合国海洋法公约》中的相关原则,即进行仲裁的前提,是必须穷尽所有的政治和外交手段,而实际上中 菲之间在南海问题上曾保持着沟通。菲律宾事先没跟中国有任何沟通,就一纸诉状递到仲裁庭,这是别有用心。
3中国不承认是否违反国际法?
中 国不接受、不参与,恰恰是依法行事。南海问题包含两个层面的争议:一是主权和领土争端,二是海洋权利争端,而《联合国海洋法公约》只对后者有裁决权。中国 已于2006年根据《公约》作出排除性声明,将涉及海洋划界等方面的争议排除在《公约》规定的第三方争端解决程序之外。换句话说,国际仲裁庭对南海争议无 管辖权。所谓中国违反国际法的说法,不攻自破。3月8日,外交部部长王毅表示:“中国政府不接受南海仲裁案,完全是在依法行事。”
4不利裁决是否影响领土主权?
南 海仲裁案显然会给地区安全稳定带来负面影响。但无论仲裁庭作出什么裁决,都不会改变中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有主权的历史和事实,不会动摇中国维护国 家主权和海洋权益的决心和意志,也不会影响中国通过直接谈判解决有关争议,以及与本地区国家共同维护南海和平稳定的政策和立场。这是一场综合实力和意志的 较量,涉及我领土主权和海洋权益的事没有妥协空间。
5仲裁案隐藏了美国何种意图?
从2013年菲律宾单方面 提起仲裁,美国就如影随形。美卖力扮演“庭外仲裁员”,实为别有用心。首先,否定中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益。美国在南海“拉帮结派”,为菲出谋划 策、指点支招,可谓“司马昭之心,路人皆知”。其次,把此次仲裁的效果做大,使其产生示范效应。其三,强化地区同盟关系。美意欲进一步拉近与地区盟友的关 系,将更多先进舰机部署到亚太地区,全面推行“亚太再平衡”战略,服务其利益和“地区主导权”,为围堵中国、牵制中国发展披上正义的外衣。
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