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运20试飞员披露试飞细节:首飞前做开创性的飘飞动作

2016-07-08 04:26:30   新华网

中国空军运-20飞机授装接装仪式7月6日上午举行。空军新闻发言人申进科大校就此表示,中国自主发展的运-20飞机正式列装空军航空兵部队,标志着空军战略投送能力迈出关键性一步,彰显空军在创新驱动发展中加快推进“战略性军种”建设。

首次在军机试飞中引入民机适航标准

民航飞机有“适航标准”,军用飞机有“国军标”,而运-20首次采用了“双重考核标准”:既符合国军标和军事技战术指标,又按照民航适航标准来考核,两者若有重叠,则哪个要求严、标准高,按哪个考。

安全性、可靠性、长寿命,按民机要求提出具体指标;而对极端环境的适应能力、重载荷空中投放能力,则按军用运输机标准要求这是军机研制中首次引入民机适航理念。

这样一来,标准更加严苛,试飞的风险科目也大大增加。试飞员们“天南海北地找极限环境”,在北疆飞“高寒”,在南国飞“高温”“高湿”,在世界屋脊飞“高原”,在戈壁滩上飞“大侧风”,全面验证飞机性能数据,并进行军机专有的空运、空投、空降试验。可以说,这是大飞机风险科目的“大汇总”。

把每一个细节飞到极致邓友明至今记得“最大重量起飞”科目:要求飞机满油起飞,但地面开车、供电供气会消耗一点燃油,大概有几十公斤。

对于机上几十吨的燃油来讲,几十公斤实在是“一丁点”,但试飞员仍停车要求二次加油。

“差一点也是差。”邓友明说,“我们飞出来的数据,必须绝对放心可靠。”

首次深度介入大飞机研发设计环节

人们常说,第一代试飞员是勇气型的,第二代试飞员是技术型的,到了邓友明他们第三代试飞员,则是专家型的是设计研制的参与者,是“试飞工程师”。

而大运项目总师唐长红则直接说:试飞员就是设计员之一。

试飞人员如此深度地介入设计环节,在我国运输机研发中尚属首例。

“我们把试飞员、试飞工程师及其他设计工程师汇聚到一起,办公、生活完全一体。”空军试飞局特级飞行员张景亭回忆,大家朝夕相处,团队间的沟通可以做到“零距离”,问题解决不过夜,甚至“不过小时”。

不仅如此,高效的沟通也使得试飞员早在设计环节就可深入参与意见。

“地面模拟台做得‘像不像’?座舱布局是否合适?控制板、显示器是否合理?”张景亭说,“设计团队都充分吸纳了试飞员的意见。”

科研团队开门纳谏的胸怀更让张景亭感动,“当我们抛出一个问题时,科研人员不是解释、分辩,而是当场记录、认真思考,拿出改进意见,再与我们反复探讨。”

他认为,运-20之所以能在短短数年间从无到有,攻克无数难关,这种“大协作”意识是其中的重要关窍。

首创试飞动作提振首飞信心

大量地面准备和充分论证之后,试飞小组已对运-20的科研首飞充满了信心。

“首飞前,我们仅地面滑行就做了数十次。”张景亭说。

经过滑行,检查了飞机在动态情况下各系统的工作情况,对机组间的协同配合程序也进行了检验和完善。

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