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地方政府欠债16万亿 “借新还旧”是惯用手段

2016-07-07 11:01:09   第一财经网

信托融资:以时间换空间

除了融资成本的考量,地方政府平台从信托公司融资也不再那么容易。在当前经济下行和信用风险上升的背景下,信托兑付风险增加。2016年一季度末,信托公司全行业风险项目个数为527个,规模为1110.19亿元,较2015年四季度末的973亿元增加137.19亿元,环比增长14%。同时,在监管层一系列重磅监管政策下,信托公司对风险控制更加严格,对于一些风险较高的项目,信托公司内部很难过会,只能放弃。

事实上,“借新还旧”的原因多种多样,其中一个重要方面是因为信托项目期限多在1~2年,很多项目资金很难在2年内回款,融资方往往通过“借新还旧”方式来延长偿债期限。一位信托公司人士告诉《第一财经日报》记者:“‘借新还旧’多集中在政信类项目、政府融资平台和资金池项目,同一个融资主体包装成不同的融资项目,但这种业务尚在风险可控的情况下,如果融资方出现问题,信托很少继续为其融资。一旦融资企业出现风险,信托一般不会继续发行新的项目偿还既有债务,否则信托公司的成本会越拉越高。”

“‘借新还旧’类项目在信托公司中确实存在,但是预计并不多。”一位信托公司风险管理总监对《第一财经日报》记者表示,对于“借新还旧”项目,信托公司一般采取减额处置,假如一笔项目2亿元到期,融资方无法按期兑换,信托公司发行新一期项目募资,规模将降至1.5亿元,采取这种模式逐步将资金敞口变小。由于信用风险增加,信托公司通过控制额度、控制期限、增加融资成本等方式降低其他方面的风险。

另一位大型信托公司业务负责人则对本报记者发表了不同看法:“‘借新还旧’类项目在信托公司中普遍存在,但在我国整体信贷规模中占比不大。一方面,银行贷款是信贷主体,另一方面,主动管理类信托的规模本身也不大。”

在信托资金来源结构上,主动管理类信托主要表现为集合资金信托,自2014年三季度占比稳步提升至30%左右,信托业协会今年一季度数据显示,集合资金信托占比升至33.01%。

之所以选择不同的融资手段,关飞表示,这与不同企业的偿债能力有关。大型企业和地方融资平台如果具备发行资质,多选择发行可续期中期票据,因为其募集的资金可计入权益类资本,融资的同时无形降低了资产负债率,可谓“一举双得”。

编辑:林洁琛

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