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多措施难改“首堵”局面 专家争议北京收拥堵费

2016-05-31 08:48:59    综合

“所以,中国要实行拥堵收费政策,需要考虑自己的国情,不能简单照搬国外经验。”在赵坚看来,其实全世界也难以找出一个13亿人口的大国,为中国是否收、如何收拥堵费做一个参照。

  拥堵费之辩:如何兼顾公平合理?

在接受记者采访的多位专家看来,国外征收拥堵费的经验,在中国可能并不具有可操作性。

第一个问题就是,征收时间、区域的确定。在赵坚看来,新加坡模式之所以成功,是因为其国土面积小,且最早是在6平方公里的小面积内收费,所以“谁使用、谁付费”的原则,在实践中很容易操作;“而北京现在已经是全面性的拥堵,带有潮汐性特征,很难界定交通拥堵费的收费区域和时间。”

“是要在二环内的60多平方公里收费,还是要在三环内的100多平方公里收费?选择在哪个地区收还是不收费,都是不公平的。”赵坚进一步解释说,而且北京是棋盘式道路,所以不管在哪个地区收费,因征收拥堵费而私车出行受限的人,其实只是将拥堵转移到另一个地区去了而已。

第二个问题就是,拥堵费到底该征收多少?董焰接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时提出,各个国家的拥堵费标准并不统一,若北京拥堵费标准定得很低,其实根本起不到价格调节来缓堵的初衷,相反会因为增加一套制度的运行成本而平添财政负担;而一旦标准定高了,又会面临舆论的压力。

第三个问题就是,是否会导致其他交通方式的压力加大。曾在英国伦敦实地考察过的董焰说,欧洲市民工作日出行一般都以地下交通为主,周末才会使用小汽车外出;而中国很多地区地下交通并不发达,所以如果靠征收拥堵费来减少地面交通出行人数,那有可能只会加剧地铁的拥堵,反而起不到地面地下交通分流的效果。

董焰认为,拥堵收费政策的出台需要全面综合来考虑,“否则一边鼓励民众买车,一边买了车又限制出行,这其实是自相矛盾。”

“因为人口是无限增长的,而道路面积增长却是受限的。”董焰建议,北京要根本解决拥堵问题,一是要科学制定城市规划,城市建设向外移动,避免中心城区承担过多角色;二是要加强公共交通建设,尤其是地下交通。

而在赵坚看来,与其收拥堵费,还不如每年收取空间资源占用费,确保谁使用了谁缴费,比如一般的车一年交1万,排量大的车3万或者5万,因为其占用的空间更大、排量更大、污染更多,且征收空间资源占用费后取消摇号购车政策,谁都可以买车,收取的空间资源占用费都用于公共交通。

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