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多措施难改“首堵”局面 专家争议北京收拥堵费

2016-05-31 08:48:59    综合

但未曾料到的是,开征拥堵费的节奏突然加快。

“可能是受到各方面的压力比较大,所以争议已久的拥堵收费政策,在今年有了实质性进展。”北京交通大学经济管理学院教授赵坚接受记者采访时表示。

他认为,这与北京此前陆续推出尾号限行、摇号购车、停车费涨价等行政手段,但拥堵现象依然严重有关。

北京交通委数据显示,2011年实施小客车数量调控以来,增速虽然大幅下降,但70%以上小客车集中在五环路以内,日均行驶45公里,是东京的2倍、伦敦的1.5倍。

成功与失败案例

据媒体报道,北京拥堵费方案是市交通委会同市发改委、市环保局、市公安交管等部门,在充分借鉴新加坡、伦敦等城市经验上基础上初步制定的。

  那么,国外针对拥堵是怎么收费的呢?

全世界最早实行拥堵收费的国家是新加坡,从1975年起新加坡政府在市中心6平方公里的控制区域,如果乘客数少于4人的车辆在上午7∶30至10∶15进入该区域必须出示购买的交通许可证,许可证售价约2.5美元/天(最初几年为1.3美元/天);伦敦从2003年起开始征收交通拥堵费,收费标准是每辆车进入收费区每天一次性缴纳5英镑的“进城费”,经过几次价格调整,伦敦的交通拥堵费已经涨到11.5英镑。

但21世纪经济报道记者发现,即使是在已开征拥堵费的国家和地区,同样也有成功和失败的案例。

在业内专家看来,伦敦就是一个颇为复杂的例子。自伦敦交通拥堵费征收方案出台后,只2007年,收入达到8亿英镑。但交通状况却无改善,因为伦敦征收拥堵费之初有一点收效,但政策实施不久便又继续拥堵,甚至越收越堵。

而且,相关材料显示,伦敦拥堵收费政策执行前三年,由于政策运行和维护的成本较高,系统费用支出为2.89亿英镑,占到征收费用的48.28%。

相反,新加坡拥堵收费效果无疑成效显著。实行拥堵收费制以后,进入控制区的车流量马上下降了一半左右,以后略有回升,但仍保持较低水平。

不过,北京的情况又有明显的不同。

来自北京统计局的数据显示,2015年年末北京城市道路里程6435公里,比上年末仅仅增加9公里;而同期全市常住人口2170.5万人,比上年末增加了18.9万人。换算下来,2015年北京人均城市道路里程每万人仅有2.96公里,已连续几年下降,这一均值比2011年更是大幅下降了0.2公里。

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