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外交部回应“中国不执行南海仲裁违反国际法”

2016-05-13 08:47:00    外交部网站

第四,无论中方是否接受和参与仲裁程序,仲裁庭都负有查明对争端确有管辖权的国际法义务,但我们看到仲裁庭并没有尽到其职责,所以其裁决也必然都是无效的。因此,不存在中方需要承担什么后果的问题。如果说要承担后果,也应该是菲律宾来承担其滥用《公约》产生的一切后果。谢谢。

 六、印度报业托拉斯:有许多根据《联合国海洋法公约》成功解决争端的案例。就在去年,印度和孟加拉就针对两国间的海洋争端达成了一项协议,其中印度就其主张的海域范围作了一些让步,这是否可以被认为是运用《公约》下的仲裁程序解决争端的成功案例?中国是否认为整个仲裁案是针对中国的一起阴谋?《联合国海洋法公约》是一项联合国框架下的《公约》,中国又是联合国中很有影响力的一员,那么为什么中国对此案反应如此强烈?

徐宏:谢谢。前面我讲了很多观点,都是说明的菲律宾提起的强制仲裁案违背《联合国海洋法公约》。我们应该完整地、全面地理解《公约》规定的争端解决机制,强制仲裁程序只是其中一个非常次要的补充性程序。

争端解决机制是《公约》确立的海洋法律秩序的支柱之一,其目的在于促进海洋争端的和平解决,巩固国家间的和平、安全、合作和友好关系。为达到上述目的,《公约》规定了一种双层争端解决机制。在这一机制中,缔约国自愿选择的程序应予优先适用,强制程序则居于次要的和补充性的地位。所以我们一定要弄清楚,《公约》规定的争端解决机制不仅仅是强制仲裁。实际上,《公约》首先强调的就是要尊重国家的自愿选择,或者说自主意愿。《公约》中有一系列的规定体现了这一原则,因为时间关系,我就不作具体阐述了,但如果大家去仔细阅读《公约》,就不难理解这一原则。

刚才你提到了印度的经验。我想印度也是在自愿的基础上和有关国家解决争议的。不论当事方提交什么程序,都是出于它们的自愿。就南海问题而言,通过谈判和协商来解决有关争端是中国和南海各方经过长期交流、协商所作的政治决定。这一决定不仅写进了《南海各方行为宣言》,而且在中国与相关国家的领导人、高层官员和政府之间的联合声明等文件中一再得到重申。

中国作为负责任的大国,一直坚持根据包括《联合国海洋法公约》在内的国际法,通过友好磋商和谈判来解决南海有关争端。因为南海问题涉及多个国家,有各种复杂的历史背景和敏感的政治因素,需要各方的耐心和政治智慧才能实现最终解决。正因为在谈判中国家可以充分、自由、系统地表达关切、交换看法,所以谈判才是解决国家间争端最直接、最有效并且在国际实践中最常用的方法。

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